tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47345896628726466422024-03-05T19:39:42.918+05:30Jaanu Jeeva<center><i>The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug.</i>
</center>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.comBlogger128125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-79417891501246683782019-01-11T14:21:00.000+05:302019-01-11T14:21:30.358+05:30Selenium Interview Questions<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #1) What is Automation Testing?</span></span></div>
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Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to test the application/system under test. Automation testing involves the use of a separate testing tool which lets you create test scripts which can be executed repeatedly and doesn’t require any manual intervention.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #2) What are the benefits of Automation Testing?</span></span></div>
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Benefits of Automation testing are:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Supports execution of repeated test cases</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Aids in testing a large test matrix</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Enables parallel execution</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Encourages unattended execution</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Improves accuracy thereby reducing human-generated errors</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Saves time and money</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #3) Why should Selenium be selected as a test tool?</span></span></div>
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Selenium</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">is a free and open source</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">have a large user base and helping communities</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">have cross Browser compatibility (Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">have great platform compatibility (Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Pearl etc.)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">has fresh and regular repository developments</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">supports distributed testing<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #4) What is Selenium? What are the different Selenium components?</span></span></div>
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Selenium is one of the most popular automated testing suites. Selenium is designed in a way to support and encourage automation testing of functional aspects of web-based applications and a wide range of browsers and platforms. Due to its existence in the open source community, it has become one of the most accepted tools amongst the testing professionals.</div>
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Selenium is not just a single tool or a utility, rather a package of several testing tools and for the same reason, it is referred to as a Suite. Each of these tools is designed to cater different testing and test environment requirements.</div>
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The suite package constitutes of the following sets of tools:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-ide-download-and-installation-selenium-tutorial-2/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Selenium IDE"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)</span></a> – Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool. It is distributed as a Firefox Plugin.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Selenium Remote Control (RC)</span> – Selenium RC is a server that allows a user to create test scripts in the desired programming language. It also allows executing test scripts within the large spectrum of browsers.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-webdriver-selenium-tutorial-8/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Selenium WebDriver"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Selenium WebDriver</span></a> – WebDriver is a different tool altogether that has various advantages over Selenium RC. WebDriver directly communicates with the web browser and uses its native compatibility to automate.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-grid-selenium-tutorial-29/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Selenium Grid"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Selenium Grid</span></a> – Selenium Grid is used to distribute your test execution on multiple platforms and environments concurrently.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #5) What are the testing types that can be supported by Selenium?</span></span></div>
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Selenium supports the following types of testing:</div>
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<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4494420772031453" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-slot="5707176967" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="border: 0px; display: block; height: 190px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;"><ins id="aswift_2_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 190px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; visibility: visible; width: 759px;"><ins id="aswift_2_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 190px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; visibility: visible; width: 759px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" class="lazyloading" data-was-processed="true" frameborder="0" height="190" hspace="0" id="aswift_2" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="aswift_2" scrolling="no" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; height: 190px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 759px;" vspace="0" width="759"></iframe></ins></ins></ins><br /></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Functional Testing</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Regression Testing</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #6) What are the limitations of Selenium?</span></span></div>
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Following are the limitations of Selenium:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Selenium supports testing of only web-based applications</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Mobile applications cannot be tested using Selenium</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Captcha and Barcode readers cannot be tested using Selenium</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Reports can only be generated using third-party tools like TestNG or JUnit.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">As Selenium is a free tool, thus there is no ready vendor support through the user can find numerous helping communities.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The user is expected to possess prior programming language knowledge.</li>
</ul>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #7)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is the difference between Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and WebDriver?</span></span></div>
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<tr class="row-1 odd" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><th class="column-1 sorting_disabled" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 123px;">Feature</th><th class="column-2 sorting_disabled" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 156px;">Selenium IDE</th><th class="column-3 sorting_disabled" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 228px;">Selenium RC</th><th class="column-4 sorting_disabled" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 187px;">WebDriver</th></tr>
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<tr class="row-2 even" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Browser Compatibility</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE comes as a Firefox plugin, thus it supports only Firefox</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC supports a varied range of versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Opera</td><td class="column-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver supports a varied range of versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Opera.<br />Also supports HtmlUnitDriver which is a GUI less or headless browser. </td></tr>
<tr class="row-3 odd" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Record and Playback</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE supports record and playback feature</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC doesn't supports record and playback feature</td><td class="column-4" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver doesn't support record and playback feature</td></tr>
<tr class="row-4 even" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Server Requirement</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE doesn't require any server to be started before executing the test scripts</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC requires server to be started before executing the test scripts</td><td class="column-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver doesn't require any server to be started before executing the test scripts</td></tr>
<tr class="row-5 odd" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Architecture</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE is a Javascript based framework</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC is a JavaScript based Framework</td><td class="column-4" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver uses the browser's native compatibility to automation</td></tr>
<tr class="row-6 even" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Object Oriented</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE is not an object oriented tool</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC is semi object oriented tool</td><td class="column-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver is a purely object oriented tool</td></tr>
<tr class="row-7 odd" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Dynamic Finders<br />(for locating web elements on a webpage)</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE doesn't support dynamic finders</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC doesn't support dynamic finders</td><td class="column-4" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver supports dynamic finders</td></tr>
<tr class="row-8 even" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Handling Alerts, Navigations, Dropdowns</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE doesn't explicitly provides aids to handle alerts, navigations, dropdowns</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC doesn't explicitly provides aids to handle alerts, navigations, dropdowns</td><td class="column-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver offers a wide range of utilities and classes that helps in handling alerts, navigations, and dropdowns efficiently and effectively.</td></tr>
<tr class="row-9 odd" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WAP (iPhone/Android) Testing</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE doesn't support testing of iPhone/Andriod applications</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC doesn't support testing of iPhone/Andriod applications</td><td class="column-4" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver is designed in a way to efficiently support testing of iPhone/Android applications. The tool comes with a large range of drivers for WAP based testing.<br />For example, AndroidDriver, iPhoneDriver </td></tr>
<tr class="row-10 even" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Listener Support</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE doesn't support listeners</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC doesn't support listeners</td><td class="column-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver supports the implementation of Listeners</td></tr>
<tr class="row-11 odd" role="row" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Speed</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium IDE is fast as it is plugged in with the web-browser that launches the test. Thus, the IDE and browser communicates directly</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium RC is slower than WebDriver as it doesn't communicates directly with the browser; rather it sends selenese commands over to Selenium Core which in turn communicates with the browser.</td><td class="column-4" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">WebDriver communicates directly with the web browsers. Thus making it much faster.</td></tr>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #8) When should I use Selenium IDE?</span></span></div>
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Selenium IDE is the simplest and easiest of all the tools within the Selenium Package. Its record and playback feature make it exceptionally easy to learn with minimal acquaintances to any programming language. Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for a naïve user.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #9) What is Selenese?</span></span></div>
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Selenese is the language which is used to write test scripts in Selenium IDE.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #10)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What are the different types of locators in Selenium?</span></span></div>
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The locator can be termed as an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Thus, to identify web elements accurately and precisely we have <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/using-selenium-xpath-and-other-locators-selenium-tutorial-5/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Locators in Selenium">different types of locators in Selenium</a>:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ID</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ClassName</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Name</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">TagName</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">LinkText</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">PartialLinkText</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Xpath</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CSS Selector</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">DOM<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #11)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is the difference between assert and verify commands?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Assert: </span>Assert command checks whether the given condition is true or false. Let’s say we assert whether the given element is present on the web page or not. If the condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the execution would stop and no further test would be executed.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Verify: </span>Verify command also checks whether the given condition is true or false. Irrespective of the condition being true or false, the program execution doesn’t halt i.e. any failure during verification would not stop the execution and all the test steps would be executed.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #12) What is an XPath?</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/using-selenium-xpath-and-other-locators-selenium-tutorial-5/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Xpath in Selenium">XPath</a> is used to locate a web element based on its XML path. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used to store, organize and transport arbitrary data. It stores data in a key-value pair which is very much similar to HTML tags. Both being markup languages and since they fall under the same umbrella, XPath can be used to locate HTML elements.</div>
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The fundamental behind locating elements using XPath is the traversing between various elements across the entire page and thus enabling a user to find an element with the reference of another element.</div>
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<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4494420772031453" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-slot="5707176967" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="border: 0px; display: block; height: 190px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 190px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; visibility: visible; width: 759px;"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 190px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; visibility: visible; width: 759px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" class="lazyloading" data-was-processed="true" frameborder="0" height="190" hspace="0" id="aswift_3" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="aswift_3" scrolling="no" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; height: 190px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 759px;" vspace="0" width="759"></iframe></ins></ins></ins><br /></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #13) What is the difference between “/” and “//” in Xpath?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Single Slash “/” – </span>Single slash is used to create Xpath with absolute path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from the document node/start node.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Double Slash “//” –</span> Double slash is used to create Xpath with relative path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from anywhere within the document.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #14) What is Same origin policy and how it can be handled?</span></span></div>
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The problem of same origin policy disallows to access the DOM of a document from an origin that is different from the origin we are trying to access the document.</div>
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Origin is a sequential combination of scheme, host, and port of the URL. For example, for a URL https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/resources/, the origin is a combination of http, softwaretestinghelp.com, 80 correspondingly.</div>
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Thus the Selenium Core (JavaScript Program) cannot access the elements from an origin that is different from where it was launched. For Example, if I have launched the JavaScript Program from “https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com”, then I would be able to access the pages within the same domain such as “https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/resources” or “https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/istqb-free-updates/”. The other domains like google.com, seleniumhq.org would no more be accessible.</div>
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So, In order to handle same origin policy, Selenium Remote Control was introduced.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #15)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">When should I use Selenium Grid?</span></span></div>
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Selenium Grid can be used to execute same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers concurrently so as to achieve distributed test execution, testing under different environments and saving execution time remarkably.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #16) What do we mean by Selenium 1 and Selenium 2?</span></span></div>
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Selenium RC and WebDriver, in a combination, are popularly known as Selenium 2. Selenium RC alone is also referred as Selenium 1.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #17) Which is the latest Selenium tool?</span></span></div>
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WebDriver</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #18) How do I launch the browser using WebDriver?</span></span></div>
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The following syntax can be used to launch Browser:<br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">WebDriver driver = </em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> FirefoxDriver();</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">WebDriver driver = </em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> ChromeDriver();</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">WebDriver driver = </em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> InternetExplorerDriver();</em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #19) What are the different types of Drivers available in WebDriver?</span></span></div>
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The different drivers available in WebDriver are:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">FirefoxDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">InternetExplorerDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ChromeDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">SafariDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">OperaDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">AndroidDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IPhoneDriver</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">HtmlUnitDriver</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #20) What are the different types of waits available in WebDriver?</span></span></div>
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There are two <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-webdriver-waits-selenium-tutorial-15/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Selenium Waits">types of waits available in WebDriver</a>:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Implicit Wait</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Explicit Wait</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Implicit Wait: </span>Implicit waits are used to provide a default waiting time (say 30 seconds) between each consecutive test step/command across the entire test script. Thus, subsequent test step would only execute when the 30 seconds have elapsed after executing the previous test step/command.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Explicit Wait:</span> Explicit waits are used to halt the execution till the time a particular condition is met or the maximum time has elapsed. Unlike Implicit waits, explicit waits are applied for a particular instance only.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #21)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How to type in a textbox using Selenium?</span></span></div>
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The user can use sendKeys(“String to be entered”) to enter the string in the textbox.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">WebElement username = </em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">drv</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“Email”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">));</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">// entering username</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">username.sendKeys(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“sth”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #22)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How can you find if an element in displayed on the screen?</span></span></div>
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WebDriver facilitates the user with the following methods to check the visibility of the web elements. These web elements can be buttons, drop boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, labels etc.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">isDisplayed()</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">isSelected()</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">isEnabled()</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">isDisplayed():</span><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">boolean</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> buttonPresence = driver.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“gbqfba”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)).isDisplayed();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">isSelected():</span><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">boolean</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> buttonSelected = driver.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“gbqfba”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)).isSelected();</em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">isEnabled():</span><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">boolean</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> searchIconEnabled = driver.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“gbqfb”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)).isEnabled();</em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #23)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How can we get a text of a web element?</span></span></div>
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Get command is used to retrieve the inner text of the specified web element. The command doesn’t require any parameter but returns a string value. It is also one of the extensively used commands for verification of messages, labels, errors etc displayed on the web pages.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String Text = driver.findElement(By.id(“Text”)).getText();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #24) How to select value in a dropdown?</span></span></div>
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The value in the dropdown can be selected using WebDriver’s Select class.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">selectByValue:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Select selectByValue = </em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Select(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“SelectID_One”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)));</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">selectByValue.selectByValue(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“greenvalue”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">selectByVisibleText:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Select selectByVisibleText = </em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Select (</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“SelectID_Two”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)));</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">selectByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“Lime”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">selectByIndex:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Select selectByIndex = </em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</em></span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Select(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“SelectID_Three”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)));</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">selectByIndex.selectByIndex(2);</em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #25) What are the different types of navigation commands?</span></span></div>
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Following are the <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-webdriver-waits-selenium-tutorial-15/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Selenium Navigate commands">navigation commands</a>:<br /><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">navigate().back()</span> – The above command requires no parameters and takes back the user to the previous webpage in the web browser’s history.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sample code:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.navigate().back();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">navigate().forward()</span> – This command lets the user to navigate to the next web page with reference to the browser’s history.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sample code:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.navigate().forward();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">navigate().refresh()</span> – This command lets the user to refresh the current web page there by reloading all the web elements.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sample code:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.navigate().refresh();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">navigate().to()</span> – This command lets the user to launch a new web browser window and navigate to the specified URL.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sample code:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.navigate().to(“https://google.com”);</em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #26) How to click on a hyper link using linkText?</span><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></em></span></span></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElement(By.linkText(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“Google”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)).click();</em></div>
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The command finds the element using link text and then click on that element and thus the user would be re-directed to the corresponding page.</div>
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The above-mentioned link can also be accessed by using the following command.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElement(By.partialLinkText(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“Goo”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)).click();</em></div>
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The above command finds the element based on the substring of the link provided in the parenthesis and thus partialLinkText() finds the web element with the specified substring and then clicks on it.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #27)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How to <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-tutorial-18/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Handling frames in Selenium">handle frame in WebDriver</a>?</span></span></div>
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An inline frame acronym as iframe is used to insert another document within the current HTML document or simply a web page into a web page by enabling nesting.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Select iframe by id</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.switchTo().frame(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ID of the frame</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Locating iframe using tagName</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName(“iframe”).get(0));</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Locating iframe using index</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">frame(index)</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.switchTo().frame(0);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">frame(Name of Frame)</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.switchTo().frame(“name of the frame”);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">frame(WebElement element)</span><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Select Parent Window</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.switchTo().defaultContent();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #28) When do we use findElement() and findElements()?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">findElement(): </span>findElement() is used to find the first element in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that only first matching element would be fetched.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">WebElement element = </em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElements(By.xpath(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“//div[@id=’example’]//ul//li”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">));</em><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">findElements(): </span>findElements() is used to find all the elements in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that all the matching elements would be fetched and stored in the list of WebElements.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">List <webelement> elementList = </webelement></em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.findElements(By.xpath(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“//div[@id=’example’]//ul//li”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">));</em><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #29)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How to find more than one web element in the list?</span></span></div>
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At times, we may come across elements of same type like multiple hyperlinks, images etc arranged in an ordered or unordered list. Thus, it makes absolute sense to deal with such elements by a single piece of code and this can be done using WebElement List.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sample Code</span></div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighter " id="highlighter_759712" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; color: #3a3a3a; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 751.094px;">
<div class="lines" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">1</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Storing the list</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">2</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">List <webelement> elementList = driver.findElements(By.xpath(</webelement></code><code class="string" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: blue !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"//div[@id='example']//ul//li"</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">));</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">3</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Fetching the size of the list</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">4</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">listSize = elementList.size();</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">5</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">for</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">i=</code><code class="value" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">; i<listsize code="" i=""></listsize></code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">6</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">7</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Clicking on each service provider link</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">8</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">serviceProviderLinks.get(i).click();</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">9</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Navigating back to the previous page that stores link to service providers</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">10</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">driver.navigate().back();</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">11</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #30) What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit command?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">close()</span>: WebDriver’s close() method closes the web browser window that the user is currently working on or we can also say the window that is being currently accessed by the WebDriver. The command neither requires any parameter nor does it return any value.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">quit()</span>: Unlike close() method, quit() method closes down all the windows that the program has opened. Same as close() method, the command neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #31) Can Selenium handle windows based pop up?</span></span></div>
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Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing. Therefore, windows pop up cannot be handled using Selenium.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #32) How can we handle web-based pop up?</span></span></div>
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WebDriver offers the users with a very efficient way to <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/handle-alerts-popups-selenium-webdriver-selenium-tutorial-16/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Handling alerts using WebDriver">handle these pop-ups using Alert interface</a>. There are the four methods that we would be using along with the Alert interface.</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void dismiss() – The accept() method clicks on the “Cancel” button as soon as the pop-up window appears.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void accept() – The accept() method clicks on the “Ok” button as soon as the pop-up window appears.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String getText() – The getText() method returns the text displayed on the alert box.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void sendKeys(String stringToSend) – The sendKeys() method enters the specified string pattern into the alert box.</li>
</ul>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">// accepting javascript alert </em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">alert.accept();</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #33) How can we handle windows based pop up?</span></span></div>
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Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing, that means, it doesn’t support testing of windows based applications. However Selenium alone can’t help the situation but along with some third-party intervention, this problem can be overcome. There are several third-party tools available for handling window based pop-ups along with the selenium like AutoIT, Robot class etc.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #34) How to assert title of the web page?</span></span></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//verify the title of the web page</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">assertTrue(“The title of the window is incorrect.”,driver.getTitle().equals(“Title of the page”));</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #35) How to mouse hover on a web element using WebDriver?</span></span></div>
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WebDriver offers a wide range of interaction utilities that the user can exploit to automate mouse and keyboard events. Action Interface is one such utility which simulates the single user interactions.</div>
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Thus, In the following scenario, we have used Action Interface to mouse hover on a drop down which then opens a list of options.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sample Code:</span></div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighter " id="highlighter_676462" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; color: #3a3a3a; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 751.094px;">
<div class="lines" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">1</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Instantiating Action Interface</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">2</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Actions actions=</code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">new</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Actions(driver);</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">3</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// howering on the dropdown</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">4</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id(</code><code class="string" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: blue !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"id of the dropdown"</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">))).perform();</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">5</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Clicking on one of the items in the list options</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">6</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">WebElement subLinkOption=driver.findElement(By.id(</code><code class="string" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: blue !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"id of the sub link"</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">));</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">7</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">subLinkOption.click();</code></td></tr>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #36) How to retrieve CSS properties of an element?</span></span></div>
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The values of the css properties can be retrieved using a get() method:</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Syntax:</span><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“id</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“)).getCssValue(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“name of css attribute”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</em><br /><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">driver.findElement(By.id(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“id</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“)).getCssValue(</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“font-size”</em><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</em></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #37) How to capture screenshot in WebDriver?</span></span></div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighter " id="highlighter_25934" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; color: #3a3a3a; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 751.094px;">
<div class="lines" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">1</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.junit.After;</code></td></tr>
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<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">2</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.junit.Before;</code></td></tr>
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<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">3</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.junit.Test;</code></td></tr>
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<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">4</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">java.io.File;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">5</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">java.io.IOException;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">6</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">7</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">8</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">9</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">10</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">11</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">12</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">class</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">CaptureScreenshot {</code></td></tr>
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<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">13</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">WebDriver driver;</code></td></tr>
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<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">14</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="color1" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(128, 128, 128) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">@Before</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">15</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">setUp() </code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">throws</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Exception {</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">16</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">driver = </code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">new</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">FirefoxDriver();</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">17</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">driver.get(</code><code class="string" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: blue !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"https://google.com"</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">);</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">18</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">19</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="color1" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(128, 128, 128) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">@After</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">20</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">tearDown() </code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">throws</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Exception {</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">21</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">driver.quit();</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">22</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">23</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">24</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="color1" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(128, 128, 128) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">@Test</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">25</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">test() </code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">throws</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">IOException {</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">26</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Code to capture the screenshot</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">27</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">28</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="comments" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">// Code to copy the screenshot in the desired location</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">29</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, </code><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">new</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">File(</code><code class="string" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: blue !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"C:\\CaptureScreenshot\\google.jpg"</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">))</code></td></tr>
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<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">30</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
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<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">31</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #38) </span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is Junit?</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-junit-framework-selenium-tutorial-11/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="JUnit Tutorial">Junit</a> is a unit testing framework introduced by Apache. Junit is based on Java.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #39) What are Junit annotations?</span></span></div>
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Following are the JUnit Annotations:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">@Test: </span>Annotation lets the system know that the method annotated as @Test is a test method. There can be multiple test methods in a single test script.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">@Before: </span>Method annotated as @Before lets the system know that this method shall be executed every time before each of the test methods.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">@After: </span>Method annotated as @After lets the system know that this method shall be executed every time after each of the test method.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">@BeforeClass: </span>Method annotated as @BeforeClass lets the system know that this method shall be executed once before any of the test methods.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">@AfterClass: </span>Method annotated as @AfterClass lets the system know that this method shall be executed once after any of the test methods.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">@Ignore: </span>Method annotated as @Ignore lets the system know that this method shall not be executed.</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #40)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is TestNG and how is it better than Junit?</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/testng-framework-selenium-tutorial-12/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="TestNG">TestNG</a> is an advanced framework designed in a way to leverage the benefits by both the developers and testers. With the commencement of the frameworks, JUnit gained an enormous popularity across the Java applications, Java developers and Java testers with remarkably increasing the code quality. Despite being easy to use and straightforward, JUnit has its own limitations which give rise to the need of bringing TestNG into the picture. TestNG is an open source framework which is distributed under the Apache Software License and is readily available for download.</div>
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TestNG with WebDriver provides an efficient and effective test result format that can, in turn, be shared with the stakeholders to have a glimpse on the product’s/application’s health thereby eliminating the drawback of WebDriver’s incapability to generate test reports. TestNG has an inbuilt exception handling mechanism which lets the program to run without terminating unexpectedly.<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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There are various advantages that make TestNG superior to JUnit. Some of them are:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Added advance and easy annotations</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Execution patterns can set</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Concurrent execution of test scripts</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Test case dependencies can be set</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #41)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How to set test case priority in TestNG?</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Setting Priority in TestNG</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Code Snippet</span></div>
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<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">1</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">package</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">TestNG;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">2</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">org.testng.annotations.*;</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">3</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">class</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">SettingPriority {</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">4</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="color1" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(128, 128, 128) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">@Test</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(priority=</code><code class="value" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">)</code></td></tr>
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<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">5</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">method1() {</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">6</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">7</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="color1" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(128, 128, 128) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">@Test</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(priority=</code><code class="value" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">1</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">)</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">8</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">method2() {</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="line alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">9</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="line alt2" style="background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">10</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="color1" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(128, 128, 128) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">@Test</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(priority=</code><code class="value" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">2</code><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">)</code></td></tr>
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<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">11</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="keyword" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">method3() {</code></td></tr>
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<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">12</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
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<table style="background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="number" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;"><code style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;">13</code></td><td class="content" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-color: initial !important; border-bottom-style: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-right-color: initial !important; border-right-style: initial !important; border-top-color: initial !important; border-top-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><code class="plain" style="background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></td></tr>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Test Execution Sequence:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Method1</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Method2</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Method3</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #42) </span><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is a framework?</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
The framework is a constructive blend of various guidelines, coding standards, concepts, processes, practices, project hierarchies, modularity, reporting mechanism, test data injections etc. to pillar automation testing.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #43)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What are the advantages of Automation framework?</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The advantage of <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/test-automation-frameworks-selenium-tutorial-20/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Automation frameworks">Test Automation framework</a></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Reusability of code</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Maximum coverage</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Recovery scenario</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Low-cost maintenance</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Minimal manual intervention</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Easy Reporting</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #44) What are the different types of frameworks?</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Below are the different types of frameworks:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Module Based Testing Framework:</span> The framework divides the entire “Application Under Test” into the number of logical and isolated modules. For each module, we create a separate and independent test script. Thus, when these test scripts taken together builds a larger test script representing more than one module.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Library Architecture Testing Framework:</span> The basic fundamental behind the framework is to determine the common steps and group them into functions under a library and call those functions in the test scripts whenever required.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Data Driven Testing Framework: Data Driven Testing Framework helps the user segregate the test script logic and the test data from each other. It lets the user store the test data into an external database. The data is conventionally stored in “Key-Value” pairs. Thus, the key can be used to access and populate the data within the test scripts.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Keyword Driven Testing Framework:</span> The Keyword Driven testing framework is an extension to Data-driven Testing Framework in a sense that it not only segregates the test data from the scripts, it also keeps the certain set of code belonging to the test script into an external data file.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hybrid Testing Framework:</span> Hybrid Testing Framework is a combination of more than one above mentioned frameworks. The best thing about such a setup is that it leverages the benefits of all kinds of associated frameworks.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Behavior Driven Development Framework:</span> Behavior Driven Development framework allows automation of functional validations in easily readable and understandable format to Business Analysts, Developers, Testers, etc.</li>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #45) How can I read test data from excels?</span></span></div>
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Test data can efficiently be read from excel using JXL or POI API. <a href="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-framework-design-selenium-tutorial-21/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ce0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-framework-design-selenium-tutorial-21/">See detailed tutorial here</a>.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #46) What is the difference between POI and jxl jar?</span></span></div>
<table class="tablepress tablepress-id-25" id="tablepress-25" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; width: 758px;"><thead style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr class="row-1 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><th class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">#</th><th class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">JXL jar</th><th class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">POI jar</th></tr>
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<tr class="row-2 even" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">1</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">JXL supports “.xls” format i.e. binary based format. JXL doesn’t support Excel 2007 and “.xlsx” format i.e. XML based format</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">POI jar supports all of these formats</td></tr>
<tr class="row-3 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">2</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">JXL API was last updated in the year 2009</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">POI is regularly updated and released</td></tr>
<tr class="row-4 even" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">3</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">The JXL documentation is not as comprehensive as that of POI</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">POI has a well prepared and highly comprehensive documentation</td></tr>
<tr class="row-5 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">4</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">JXL API doesn’t support rich text formatting</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">POI API supports rich text formatting</td></tr>
<tr class="row-6 even" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">JXL API is faster than POI API</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">POI API is slower than JXL API</td></tr>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #47)</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is the difference between Selenium and QTP?</span></span></div>
<table class="tablepress tablepress-id-26" id="tablepress-26" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; width: 758px;"><thead style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr class="row-1 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><th class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Feature</th><th class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Selenium</th><th class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(217, 237, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Quick Test Professional (QTP)</th></tr>
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<tr class="row-2 even" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Browser Compatibility</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium supports almost all the popular browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Opera etc</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 0px; float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">QTP supports Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome. QTP only supports Windows Operating System</td></tr>
<tr class="row-3 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Distribution</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium is distributed as an open source tool and is freely available</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">QTP is distributed as a licensed tool and is commercialized</td></tr>
<tr class="row-4 even" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Application under Test</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium supports testing of only web based applications</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">QTP supports testing of both the web based application and windows based application</td></tr>
<tr class="row-5 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Object Repository</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Object Repository needs to be created as a separate entity</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">QTP automatically creates and maintains Object Repository</td></tr>
<tr class="row-6 even" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Language Support</td><td class="column-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Selenium supports multiple programming languages like Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Perl etc</td><td class="column-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">QTP supports only VB Script</td></tr>
<tr class="row-7 odd" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="column-1" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Vendor Support</td><td class="column-2" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">As Selenium is a free tool, user would not get the vendor’s support in troubleshooting issues</td><td class="column-3" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Users can easily get the vendor’s support in case of any issue</td></tr>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #48) Can WebDriver test Mobile applications?</span></span></div>
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WebDriver cannot test Mobile applications. WebDriver is a web-based testing tool, therefore applications on the mobile browsers can be tested.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #49) Can captcha be automated?</span></span></div>
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No, captcha and barcode reader cannot be automated.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Q #50) What is Object Repository? How can we create Object Repository in Selenium?</span></span></div>
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Object Repository is a term used to refer to the collection of web elements belonging to Application Under Test (AUT) along with their locator values. Thus, whenever the element is required within the script, the locator value can be populated from the Object Repository. Object Repository is used to store locators in a centralized location instead of hardcoding them within the scripts.</div>
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In Selenium, objects can be stored in an excel sheet which can be populated inside the script whenever required.</div>
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That’s all for now.</div>
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Hope in this article you will find answers to most frequently asked Selenium and WebDriver Interview questions. The answers provided here are also helpful for understanding the Selenium basics and advanced WebDriver topics.</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-3993286772254209552018-06-22T12:39:00.000+05:302018-06-22T12:39:02.585+05:30508 Compliance and Performance Testing on Scheduling App, Fingerprint and Adjudication Portal<u style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong>Scheduling App </strong></u><br />
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<u><strong>Performance Testing Results on JMeter</strong></u></div>
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When we were initiating recording mode of the jMeter to record user interaction with the website through the proxy server, we are being restricted by the application. Another thing we observed in the recording mode no API is being captured only static HTML pages are being recorded. It is impending our testing activities with jMeter.</div>
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QA analysis: jMeter is not supporting the backend API configuration or the proxy server configuration for the Scheduling application.</div>
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<u><strong>508 Compliance Report - Internet Explorer</strong></u></div>
<div class="table-wrap" style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<table class="confluenceTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0px; overflow-x: auto;"><colgroup><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">User</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Issue</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Visitor</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Select Service Screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Location on Map</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Select Date & Time screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Login screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Register screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">User Dashboard</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Appointment Reschedule screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">My Account screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Reset Password</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Forgot screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Admin</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Login screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Location</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Assets</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Services</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Appointments</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Log Out</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<u><strong>508 Compliance - Chrome</strong></u></div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<u><strong><br /></strong></u></div>
<div class="table-wrap" style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<table class="confluenceTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0px; overflow-x: auto;"><colgroup><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">User</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Issue</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Visitor</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Select Service Screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Location on Map</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Select Date & Time screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Login screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Register screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">User Dashboard</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Appointment Reschedule screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">My Account screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Reset Password</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Forgot screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Admin</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Login screen</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Location</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Assets</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Services</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Appointments</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Log Out</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;">Screen reader is unable to read the all contents.</td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td><td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 8px; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<u><strong><br /></strong></u></div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
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<u><strong>Adjudication Portal - Performance Testing</strong></u></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">This is to inform that there is some proxy problem so that the jmeter script cannot be performed.</span></div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; position: relative;"><img alt="Inline image 1" class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" data-image-src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=6ffa385995&view=fimg&th=160551ddb59e8a28&attid=0.1&disp=emb&realattid=ii_16055023c67610fa&attbid=ANGjdJ9-BaXp7syjayMo8HNOfkvxcFz4ZyxQCu7LiKhoXOI8KhtZ0CNv8qjDZbhaJIyc3Q9Sgd_BvOQbXjJEiyO7IbC2gDZqnMCtZDfxm-HV01dJOuOFXBpcrXwuFGg&sz=w944-h530&ats=1513314286468&rm=160551ddb59e8a28&zw&atsh=1" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=6ffa385995&view=fimg&th=160551ddb59e8a28&attid=0.1&disp=emb&realattid=ii_16055023c67610fa&attbid=ANGjdJ9-BaXp7syjayMo8HNOfkvxcFz4ZyxQCu7LiKhoXOI8KhtZ0CNv8qjDZbhaJIyc3Q9Sgd_BvOQbXjJEiyO7IbC2gDZqnMCtZDfxm-HV01dJOuOFXBpcrXwuFGg&sz=w944-h530&ats=1513314286468&rm=160551ddb59e8a28&zw&atsh=1" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px 2px; max-width: calc(100% - 4px); padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<u><strong>Fingerprint Application - - On hold</strong></u></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-55511085694592281612017-11-29T11:38:00.001+05:302017-11-29T11:38:25.351+05:30<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The art of tailoring making your project methodology fit</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><a href="http://www.cqaa.org/Resources/Documents/Slides%202011/CQAA%20Presentation%20v3.pdf">http://www.cqaa.org/Resources/Documents/Slides%202011/CQAA%20Presentation%20v3.pdf</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="content-type" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #586976; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase;"><a href="https://www.pmi.org/learning/library?contenttype=Conference+Paper" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0065bd; text-decoration-line: none;">CONFERENCE PAPER</a> </span><span class="topic" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #6e8393;"><a href="https://www.pmi.org/learning/library?topics=Methodology" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #586976; text-decoration-line: none;">Methodology</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">By Whitaker, Sean</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Whitaker, S. (2012). The art of tailoring: making your project methodology fit. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2012—North America, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Abstract</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This paper offers a reminder of the value of tailoring a project management methodology to the successful execution of projects and looks at the emphasis <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> Guide)</i> places on the value of tailoring, the conditions that determine the extent of tailoring that are appropriate, and presents a process for developing a tailored project management methodology. It also proposes a role for project management consultants in the process of assisting with the development of tailored project management methodologies.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">At the end of this session, participants should have an understanding of what tailoring is, how and when to tailor a methodology, and be able to use this information to tailor their own methodologies.</span></div>
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<i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keywords: tailoring; project management methodology; project management maturity</span></i></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Origins of the Problem</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As a project management consultant, I have often been asked to provide clients with an off the shelf project management methodology. In one sense, this is a good thing because it shows a commitment to increasing project management maturity within an organization. However, I have come to see it as a liability and, in fact, counterproductive, and very rarely contributing to an increase in organizational project management maturity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Too many organizations view an off the shelf project management methodology as the easy answer to all their project management problems. They assume that if they pay the licensing fee, send people to get accredited, and put up colorful posters around the workplace that people will actually use the methodology, that the methodology is right for them, and that as a result they will have a huge increase in the successful delivery of projects.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They seem genuinely surprised when no one uses the project management methodology and there is still a lack of consistency and maturity, which is a huge disservice to the many fine off the shelf methodologies available; they are really quite good, but they aren't as good as your own tailored methodology and the process of developing it yourself.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The alternative to an off the shelf methodology is to instead spend the time and money set aside for licensing and accreditation fees to develop your own tailored project management methodology. The results will be better suited to your organization and longer lasting because you developed it yourself, using your own language and creating your own champions.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is a Methodology Exactly?</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A methodology is an appropriate, professional, repeatable, standardized, and documented collection of processes, tools, techniques, and templates for managing projects (Whitaker, 2012). The methodology is what you use to deliver your projects; it should reflect the size, complexity, and industry of your projects. It should be based on good practices, such as those in the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> Guide</i>—Fourth edition. It should be easily located and understood by all project team members. It should also be subject to the process of continuous improvement to make sure it is kept up to date with any changes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A methodology is your organization's particular collection of processes, tools, and techniques and templates that you choose to use. Tailoring is the processes of choosing which of these are appropriate to use on any given project. One size doesn't fit all. Your methodology doesn't suit <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">my</i> projects, but your methodology also doesn't suit all <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">your</i> projects. It should also be flexible and scalable enough to be able to be used on all your projects.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This must be kept in mind when developing or changing your project management methodology. Your methodology is your winter or summer wardrobe, selected from the “clothes store” of the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span>Guide.</i> It suits the season but you still pick the individual items to wear on a daily basis. This is the part that is scalable and customizable.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Within your organization, it is the project management office (PMO) that is responsible for developing, monitoring, and improving your project management methodology. However, it is the individual users of the methodology who must agree to adopt, use, and improve it, so having them involved during the creation of your methodology will improve it.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Why is having a Methodology Important?</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the absence of a defined and appropriate project management methodology, you will be doing projects by the seat of your pants, constantly making things up as you go, and each project manager will do things his or her own way. This can lead to many negative things, including inefficiencies, decreased morale, less repeat business, financial losses, and lower chances of delivering successful projects.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Having a defined and appropriate methodology will allow you to extract the most efficiency from your project management activities. Greater efficiencies contribute to increased chances of project success. Project managers and project team members have defined and appropriate processes, templates, documents, and guidelines to refer to, to assist their planning, execution, and monitoring of the project. Program and portfolio managers have access to standardized information for reporting and assessment purposes. So, overall, having a methodology means a great chance of project success.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The existence of a project management methodology and a commitment to continual review and improvement are also signs of higher levels of project management maturity.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Off the Shelf or Customized Methodology?</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When it comes to the process of developing or changing your project management methodology, you have two main options available to you. You can choose to develop your own methodology or to use an already developed one available as an off-the-shelf solution, usually for a fee.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">If you choose to develop your own one, the most important part to getting this right is to have people with the right levels of experience, passion, and commitment to make sure the development doesn't stop halfway through. Developing your own methodology is not a single event; it will take time and iterations to ensure it is correct. It also requires a champion who will commit to seeing the initial process to completion. Too many good initiatives have been left to flounder due to the absence of a champion. The benefits of developing your own methodology is that you can leverage off existing intellectual property, accommodate the organizational culture, and get buy-in from the project management team by seeking their input on what constitutes an appropriately tailored methodology. A disadvantage to making your own methodology is the time and effort it takes to get it from initiation to working methodology with processes, tools, and templates.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are many off-the-shelf solutions for a project management methodology and of the ones I have seen, most claim they can be customized to suit; however, most people don't see this and assume that simply by taking an off-the-shelf solution that it will solve all their problems. The benefit of getting an off-the-shelf solution is that it is available right away and it is a known methodology. The drawbacks are that people assume that because it works for someone else that it will work for them, when this is not always the case. The instant methodology does not reflect the organizational culture or industry. Also, there is no control over intellectual property and there can be a lack of buy-in and support from project team members.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is Tailoring?</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Tailoring is “For any given project, the project manager, in collaboration with the project team, is always responsible for determining which processes are appropriate, and the appropriate degree of rigor for each process. Project managers and their teams should carefully address each process and its constituent inputs and outputs.” <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">(PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> Guide—</i> Fourth edition, p. 38) The concept of tailoring has grown in importance over the years with different versions of the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> Guide</i>, giving it more emphasis. The phrase ‘tailor’ or ‘tailoring’ is used 0 times in the second edition, 10 times in third edition, and 13 times in the fourth edition.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The Process of Tailoring</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Tailoring your project management methodology is an important step in organizational project management maturity and also in getting people to use and improve your particular methodology. In the absence of an appropriately tailored project management methodology, people will tailor their own solutions. Here are some signs that your project management methodology is not tailored correctly.</span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Project team members are not using the methodology</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Project team members are independently modifying the methodology</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Your methodology features process for the sake of process</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Your methodology is a one-size-fits-all approach to projects of differing sizes and complexity</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The benefits of a tailored approach to your project management methodology are:</span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Buy-in from team members</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Customer oriented focus</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Focus on best-for-project approach</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 46px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">More efficient use of project resources</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are three stages to tailoring your project management methodology.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The first is the initial tailoring you do to select those elements that will form your project management methodology. Here, you select from a body of knowledge such as the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> Guide</i>, all those processes, tool and techniques that are appropriate to the styles of projects you are doing based on their complexity and size. I believe that the factors that influence the choices you make in developing a project management methodology are project size, complexity, organization and team culture, and internal and external constraints. Once this initial process is complete you will have a methodology that can be used for your projects. If your projects are all largely similar, then the methodology will be a fairly standardized one used without much change between projects. If, however, the size and complexity of your projects vary considerably, then this first stage in tailoring your methodology will result in a scalable and flexible methodology that can be adapted to be used on all your projects. Some specific examples of scalability and flexibility include the type and size of any project charter, the range of scope definition and extent of planning completed, and the effort put into risk management and communications management.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The second stage is the tailoring done before starting a project to determine what elements of your project management methodology you are going to use for this particular project. This process should involve both the project manager and the PMO in deciding which elements of the organization's project management methodology are appropriate for this particular project. An easy way to do this is simply to divide projects into small, medium, and large projects and have a different set of processes, tools, and templates for each category. There are other, more complex ways of making these decisions as well.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The third stage of tailoring is completed during the execution of the project, where you are checking that the particular combination of elements you have selected is still appropriate and you are not overcooking or undercooking a project. Tailoring is an iterative process done throughout the entire project life cycle. The PMO should have an input into this review process and oversee and approve any changes. Adding your lessons learned about the application of your selected methodology to your lesson learned process helps other project managers in the future.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Developing your own Project Management Methodology</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Developing your own project management methodology isn't rocket science. A good place to start is to first identify the major problems you are having with your projects and seek to address these first. You should also spend time documenting the existing processes and templates you have. These need to be standardized if you have multiple versions and they need to be checked to make sure they are actually right for you and your projects.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As a broad overview, you can start by developing an outline or process flow chart using the Plan-Do-Check-Act<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span> cycle, or the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> Guide</i> Process Groups of Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring & Controlling, and Closing to define major parts of your process. After all, the only real difference between traditional project management methodologies in the construction and agile methodologies used in IT is the speed at which you go through these processes and the amount of effort in each stage or phase.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Then take into account the size of your organization and projects, your organizational and project team culture, the complexity of your projects, the duration of the project, and the level of organizational project management maturity. Don't forget to start by using any existing process assets that you may have, then go and fill in the blanks using your project team members, and external experts; in addition, there are plenty of examples to draw ‘inspiration’ from on the Internet. Bring your team members together and have regular meetings to discuss the next steps. Don't forget to appoint, and encourage, a champion (or two or three) to develop and implement the new methodology and then commit to continuous improvement.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">You may want to consider using a tool for assessing your level of project management maturity because it provides guidelines for assessing where you are now and where you should be, along with the gaps in your methodology that need to be filled to help you bridge that gap. There are several very good organizational project management maturity models on the market, so shop around and find the one that is right for you.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keep in mind that none of this is ‘rocket science’ and you don't have to reinvent the wheel. There are plenty of free resources available online; there are free templates, processes, discussion groups, and webinars available to you and your team. There is also the option of bringing in a consultant subject matter expert and going on training courses.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Perhaps the most important aspect in this process is to acknowledge the role of time. All good things take time and, despite your impatience, you simply won't achieve all of your planned project management methodology overnight. It will take time as your prioritize those things that must be done sooner rather than later; of course, you still need to continue with business as usual and deliver projects.</span></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The Role of the Consultant</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Among all these good intentions and commitment to developing you own customized and tailored project management methodology, it is important to discuss what role, if any, the project management consultant should have during this process.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A typical relationship involves bringing in a skilled project management consultant who then proceeds over a short period of time to instruct or tell you what you should do. He or she will then leave, and you are expected to have listened to everything he or she said, and adopt it overnight. Needless to say, this isn't the best process for a long-lasting outcome and improvement in your project management methodology.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The key role that a consultant can play during the process of developing your own tailored project management methodology is one of empowering employees to develop their own appropriate methodology. In this role, the consultant acts as supporter, subject matter guide, mentor, and change agent. At the end of the day, it is the role of the consultant to put him or herself out of a job as fast as possible because, in doing so you have ensured that there is increased professional capability within the organization, which is much longer lasting than a typical transaction with a consultant.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">References</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Project Management Institute (2008). <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> guide)</i>—Fourth edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Whitaker, S. (2012). <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">The practically perfect project manager.</i> CreateSpace Independent Publishing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">_______________</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.21em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span> The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle was first developed by W.E. Deming and W.A. Shewhart as part of the development of quality management processes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This material has been reproduced with the permission of the copyright owner. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is strictly prohibited. For permission to reproduce this material, please contact PMI or any listed author.</span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-4600362170042112522016-06-22T12:26:00.002+05:302016-06-22T12:26:41.089+05:30Word Document 508 Checklist<div class="field field-name-full-title-as-h1 field-type-ds field-label-hidden" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">
<div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
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<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 34px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">Print this webpage to use as a checklist or keep at your desk for a handy reference.</span></h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">
<div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div class="field-item even" property="schema:articleBody content:encoded" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div class="syndicate" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
If you are responsible for creating or signing off/clearing files, you can use this checklist as part of your process. You may find it helpful to review the checklist before you create your file, and also to print out the checklist and check off each item after you have created your file, or when you receive the file.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Last Updated: March 2013</b></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Additional Resources:</div>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/index.html" id="anch_58" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">Making Files Accessible</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px;"><a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/training/index.html" id="anch_59" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">Section 508 training courses</a></li>
</ul>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; max-width: 100%;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="5%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="78%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.0.Master Requirements for all Documents</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Yes (Pass)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">No (Fail)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">N/A</strong></div>
</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.1</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Does the document file name not contain spaces and/or special characters?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.2</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Is the document file name concise, generally limited to 20-30 characters, and does it make the contents of the file clear?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.3</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Have the Document Properties for Title, Author, Subject (AKA Description), Keywords, Language, and Copyright Status been applied per HHS guidance?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.4</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Does the document utilize recommended fonts (i.e., Times New Roman, Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, or Calibri)?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.5</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Have track changes been accepted or rejected and turned off?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.6</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Have comments been removed and formatting marks been turned off?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.7</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Does the document refrain from using flashing/flickering text and/or animated text?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.8</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Is the document free of background images or watermarks?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.9</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Do all images, grouped images, and nontext elements that convey information have meaningful alternative-text descriptions?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.10</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Do complex images (i.e., charts and graphs) have descriptive text near the image (perhaps as a caption)?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.11</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Do all URLs contain descriptive hyperlinks (i.e., avoid generic phrases like “Click here” and, instead, use phrases that let users know about the content of the linked page prior to selecting it)?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.12</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Are all URLs linked to correct Web destinations?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.13</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Are e-mail links accessible?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.14</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Has a separate accessible version of the document been provided when there is no other way to make the content accessible?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.15</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
If there are tables, are blank cells avoided?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.16</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Is all of the text easy to read in comparison to the background of the document (i.e., has a color-contrast ratio of 4.5:1)?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
1.17</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Has the document been reviewed in Print Preview for a final visual check?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; max-width: 100%;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="5%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="78%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.0. General Layout and Formatting Requirements</strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="checklist1" name="checklist1" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"></a></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Yes (Pass)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">No (Fail)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">N/A</strong></div>
</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
2.1</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Has the document been formatted using Style elements (Heading 1, Heading 2) and/or Outline in a hierarchical manner (i.e. Heading 1 to Heading 2 to Body Text)?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
2.2</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Are page numbering codes used as opposed to manually typed page numbers?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
2.3</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
If footnotes are present, have they been created through Word Footnote linking?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
2.4</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
If color is used to emphasize the importance of selected text, is there an alternate method also used?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
2.5</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Is the list style being used as opposed to manually typed characters (e.g. Hyphens, numbers, or graphics)?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
2.6</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Is the document free of text boxes? (If not, but the final format will be PDF or HTML, then text boxes are okay).</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;">2.7</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;">If the document contains a Table of Contents (TOC), was it created using the TOC field (e.g., created using the TOC Command in MS Word)?</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; max-width: 100%;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="5%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="78%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.0. Document Image Requirements</strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="checklist2" name="checklist2" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"></a></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Yes (Pass)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">No (Fail)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">N/A</strong></div>
</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
3.1</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Are multiple associated images on the same page (e.g., boxes in an organizational chart) grouped as one object?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
3.2</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Have all multilayered objects been flattened into one image and does that image use one alternative text description for the image?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
3.3</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Do images/graphics appear crisp and legible?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 25px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="5%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="78%"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.0. Document Table Requirements</strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="checklist3" name="checklist3" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"></a></th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Yes (Pass)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">No (Fail)</strong></div>
</th><th scope="col" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;" width="6%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">N/A</strong></div>
</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
4.1</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
If the document has a tabular appearance, was the tabular structure made using the Insert Table option (as opposed to manual tabs and/or spaces)?</div>
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4.2</div>
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Do all tables have a logical reading order from left to right, top to bottom?</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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4.3</div>
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Do data tables have the entire first row designated as a ‘Header Row’ in table properties?</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<br /></div>
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4.4</div>
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Is the table free of Merged Cells? (If not, but the final format will be PDF or HTML, then merged cells are okay).</div>
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4.5</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
Are all tables described and labeled (where appropriate)? Note: In some cases naming/numbering of tables may not be appropriate. For example, a small data table in a presentation may not need a reference.</div>
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<br /></div>
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4.6</div>
</td><td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 205, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875em; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
In table properties, is “Allow row to break across pages” unchecked?</div>
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</tbody></table>
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More Accessibility Checklists</div>
<div class="sidebarbody" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Checklist: <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistpdf.html" id="anch_63" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">PDF File</a></strong></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Checklist: <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistword.html" id="anch_64" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">Word Document</a></strong></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Checklist: <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistexcel.html" id="anch_65" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">Excel Document</a></strong></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Checklist: <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistppt.html" id="anch_66" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">PowerPoint Document</a></strong></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Checklist: <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklisthtml.html" id="anch_67" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">HTML File</a></strong></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Checklist: <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistmulti.html" id="anch_68" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6f57b5;">Multimedia File</a></strong></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-36842552375463565262016-06-17T10:32:00.001+05:302016-06-17T10:32:16.004+05:30Can Software Tester Become a Business Analyst (and Vice Versa) in Agile?<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Can a Software Tester become a Business Analyst?</em></span></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Can Business Analyst </em><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">take up the role of</em> a Software Testing professional?</div>
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Do roles like a BA Tester or a Tester BA exist? How to switch you role from Software Testing professional to a Business Analyst, and vice versa?</div>
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This case study is an attempt to answer these questions!</div>
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In this case-study, myself and my friend (tester!) <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anamitra Majumdar</em> tried to explore <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">what if the same person performs the role of a Business Analyst and a Tester?</span></div>
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<img alt="Tester Business Analyst" class="aligncenter wp-image-681 size-full lazy-loaded" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg" data-srcset="" height="315" sizes="(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px" src="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg" srcset="http://i2.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg?w=950 950w, http://i2.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg?resize=300%2C168 300w, http://i2.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg?resize=195%2C110 195w, http://i2.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg?resize=533%2C300 533w, http://i2.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Tester-Business-Analyst.jpg?resize=900%2C505 900w" style="clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s;" title="Can Software Tester become a Business Analyst" width="560" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
We first try to understand the<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> roles of a Business Analyst and that of a Tester</span>.</div>
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We then tried to explore both the options – an individual <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">changing role from Business Analyst to a Tester</span>, and on the other hand another case where a <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tester changes his role to become a Business Analyst</span>.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note:</span> You are free to use this case-study or snippets from this case-study as a reference in your work as long as you give due credit to QuickSoftwareTesting.com.</em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
So, let’s get started!</div>
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Case Study: Can Software Tester Become a Business Analyst?</h2>
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Rapidly changing market conditions are requiring companies to shorten delivery cycles and become more responsive to customer expectations.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read: </span>How the world tests? – <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/latest-trends-software-testing-how-world-tests/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">Latest trends in software testing</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Agile development methodologies</span> are leading the way in helping software development teams adjust to the new economy.</div>
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Agile challenges our notion of software engineering <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/tag/best-practices/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">best practices</a>, project management methodology and how we lead our teams.</div>
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In a project based on Agile Development methodologies, a BA and a Tester have some pre-defined roles to do wherein the BA’s involvement is more towards start of the cycle and testers are involved towards the end.</div>
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The agile movement impacts every role on the project team differently and creates opportunities to learn new skills and develop new ways of working together.</div>
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Exchanging the roles in an innovative way could unleash the hidden capabilities of each of them to help the project overall.</div>
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Introduction:</h3>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Agile development</span> is a group of software development methods based on iterative and incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams.</div>
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It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development and delivery, a time-boxed iterative approach, and encourages rapid and flexible response to change.</div>
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It is a conceptual framework that promotes foreseen interactions throughout the development cycle.</div>
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Agile introduces a significant shift in <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/test-deliverables-review-process-alm/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">how teams look at requirements</a> and when they are defined in the process.</div>
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In an Agile methodology, Business Analyst is more involved during the initial stages of SDLC while a tester’s involvement increases during the final stages of SDLC.</div>
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A tester is involved from the start of Sprint planning sessions till the delivery into production but a BA might start working on other projects as soon as requirements are frozen and tester/developer’s queries are answered.</div>
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In this white-paper, we are trying to present the feasibility of a <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">single person playing the role of a Software Tester and a Business Analyst</span>.</div>
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Role of a Business Analyst (BA)</h3>
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In an Agile Development project, the role of a Business Analyst is broadly divided into:</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Writing User Stories</span> – The Business Analyst is supposed to define and write detailed Requirements after understanding the expectations from Business Stakeholders.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Feedback from Users – </span>The BA produces and explores requirements in collaboration with the end users which can include Testers and Developers as well.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Acceptance Criteria</span> – Defining Acceptance criteria after discussing with Testing Team and Business teams is also a BA’s responsibility.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Planning Sessions</span> – During Sprint Planning Sessions, the BA explains requirements to the team and expresses the expectations of the Product Owner to the team</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Clarifications & Query Resolutions</span> – Starting right from the Sprint Planning sessions, the BA clarifies any development and testing queries related to the requirements.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Show and Tell Session</span> – The BA also attends the Show and Tell sessions to make sure the requirements are developed in line with what the BA had envisaged at the start of the Sprint.</div>
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Role of a Tester</h3>
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The tester is normally involved in an agile world from the Sprint planning sessions till the delivery into production. Below are the major <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/free-agile-software-testing-ebook/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">roles of Tester in Agile</a> Development model.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sprint Planning Sessions</span> – The tester understands the User Story requirements from the BA in the sprint planning sessions and discusses on a high level, the feasibility of the User Stories to be tested.</div>
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The testers also give a high-level test estimation of each User Story based on an initial understanding.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Acceptance Criteria</span> – The testers are also involved in reviewing the Acceptance criteria as defined by the BA and POs. The testers can also suggest amendments to the acceptance criteria after discussing with BA/PO.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Test Estimations</span> – Based on the understanding of the User Stories, detailed test estimation is done using standard test estimation techniques.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Test Planning / Strategy</span> – During planning phase, the tester prepares a detailed test planning document which underlines the testing approach for testing the User Stories during the project.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Test/Scenario Design</span> – Once the estimations and planning for the Agile Project is done, the testing team writes <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Test Scenarios</em></span> followed by detailed<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Test Cases</em></span>.</div>
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Once completed, the Test Cases undergo a <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/test-deliverables-review-process-alm/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">peer review</a> among the test team followed by business sign-off after which Test execution is done using these test scripts.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Check out:</span> 13 excellent tips for <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/test-case-writing-tips/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">effective test case writing</a> which is all you need during test case design activity.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Test Execution & Defect Tracking</span> – The Test Execution cycle is started on the signed-off Test Cases and Defects are logged for any behaviour not ‘as expected.’ The tester also needs to report the progress on a daily/weekly basis.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Recommended Reading</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/test-management-tools-key-features/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">5 features Test Management tool must have</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/best-firefox-add-ons-software-testing/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;" title="8 Essential Firefox Browser Add Ons For Software Testing">8 Essential Firefox Browser Add-ons for Software Testing</a></li>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Show and Tell Sessions</span> – The tester chairs the ‘Show and Tell’ sessions to show to the business (including the BA) about what is developed and tested so far. During the session, the tester makes a note of any review comments provided.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Retrospective Meetings – </span>Once the Sprint is over, the tester attends Sprint Retrospective / Review Meetings to make a note of ‘What went well?’, ‘What could be improved?’ and ‘What needs to continue?’ so that the same mistakes are not repeated in the future sprints.</div>
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Tester as a Business Analyst</h3>
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As you can infer from above, the BA is more involved during the initial stages of SDLC while a tester’s involvement is more during the final stages of SDLC.</div>
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Imagine a case where we have a Software Tester with enough understanding of the systems and, who is given the challenge to play the role of a BA!</div>
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That could be exciting!</div>
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Tester Business Analyst in Agile <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Click Image to Enlarge)</em></div>
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<a href="http://i0.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Can Software Tester Become a Business Analyst" class="aligncenter wp-image-701 size-full lazy-loaded" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png" data-srcset="" height="210" sizes="(max-width: 1093px) 100vw, 1093px" src="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png" srcset="http://i0.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png?w=1093 1093w, http://i0.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png?resize=300%2C112 300w, http://i0.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png?resize=1024%2C384 1024w, http://i0.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png?resize=680%2C255 680w, http://i0.wp.com/quicksoftwaretesting.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/Can-Software-Tester-Become-a-Business-Analyst.png?resize=900%2C337 900w" style="border: 0px; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s;" title="Can Software Tester Become a Business Analyst" width="560" /></a></div>
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Below are some of the benefits which could be achieved:</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Early involvement in SDLC</span> – In this <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hybrid model</span></em>, where the same person is playing a dual role, the tester is now involved much earlier in the SDLC cycle – right from the requirements shaping.</div>
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This proves really beneficial in delivering the project with optimum quality as the tester now knows of any new changes coming up his way down the line. This helps to plan testing much effectively.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Well-defined Requirements – </span>With the tester having in-depth knowledge of the system from a technical point of view, the requirements written by the tester (in the role of a BA) will be pretty straight forward and understandable.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Push Back Requirements & Feasibility Study – </span>Having an in-depth knowledge of the system from a technical point of view, the tester (playing a BA) can easily reject requirements with valid justifications.</div>
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This is really helpful as he/she gets to know the feasibility of implementing the given requirement upfront.</div>
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Any infeasible requirement can be rejected at the very start during the shaping phase itself – this saves a lot of time and effort which otherwise would have been lost later during the design/execution phase.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reduced testing times</span> – In a normal Agile model, if a tester has any query, it goes to the BA who in turn has to go to the Product Owner or business stakeholder in case he is not able to answer.</div>
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Now, because Tester is the BA, the turn-around time would be much less as we are cutting down on one level of clarifications as tester (playing as a BA) can now directly approach the business stakeholders or Product Owners.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read:</span> <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/benefits-challenges-exploratory-testing/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">Benefits of Exploratory Testing in Agile</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Defects Prioritization</span> – As a tester is now more involved with the business (being a BA), tester has better understanding of the impacts to the business due to defects/change to an existing functionality.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reusability</span> – As Tester is now a BA as well, the visibility of re-using the existing resources is much easier from both technical and business point of view, which, in the end benefits the team effort and cost.</div>
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Business Analyst as a Tester</h3>
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Now, let’s think the other way around!</div>
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We have a BA who has been on a team for years now and has in-depth knowledge of the end-to-end systems.</div>
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His boss calls him to his cabin and gives him a surprise, offering the <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dual role of a BA and a Tester</span>.</div>
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We still have a lot of benefits that this package comes with!</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Requirements Traceability:</span> As the BA has written the requirements on his own and is also testing them, he/she gets the privilege to <a href="http://quicksoftwaretesting.com/test-deliverables-review-process-alm/" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(35, 108, 191) !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color, color 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">trace the requirements</a> from start till the requirements get delivered to production.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Impact Assessment:</span> Having a better understanding of the requirements from the business point of view, the BA (now playing a tester!), can easily access the cross-impact of any new requirement or change on the existing system. This helps in improving the overall quality of the system.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No Dependency on Testers:</span> As BA is now playing the role of a tester, he doesn’t have to depend on testing teams’ inputs to get any functional queries clarified and to run through any user journey.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Involvement in SDLC and Accountability:</span> In this dual-role model, the BA (playing the role of a tester) now has a major role to play throughout the SDLC.</div>
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Also, this model makes the BA much more accountable towards the delivery of the product which otherwise is solely considered the testers responsibility (well, in most cases!).</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quick turnaround on Change Requests</span> – Imagine a scenario where a Change Request comes in during the execution cycle and business needs a quick turnaround.</div>
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In this case, the BA (playing the tester in the execution cycle) can easily monitor the impacts of it and help in the approval/rejection of the CR</div>
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Overall Advantages</h3>
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Here I have summarized some overall advantages of exchanging, or rather merging roles of Tester and Business Analyst.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cost saving as the same person plays 2 roles.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">During the start of SDLC, Tester is not fully occupied, and towards the end BA doesn’t have too much to deliver – combining the 2 roles helps in better resource utilization hence, saving costs.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cuts down testing cycle time.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quick turnaround from business / stakeholders which otherwise happens from tester to BA to Business.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Requirements are well-defined for a clear understanding for the testing phase.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BA writes requirements on his own interpretation of what is required. If Testers are positioned far away from the original BA, then they test the system on their interpretation of the interpretation of the BA. This risk is reduced by making Tester the BA and BA the tester.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For any Change Request time is saved in updating user stories/test cases.</li>
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Disadvantages</h3>
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This exchanges of roles between business analyst and tester has some disadvantages too!</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As the same person is playing 2 roles there will be more effort for an individual.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As the tester has written the requirements, he/she would hesitate to log defects due to missed requirements (happens!).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If 2 sprints overlap it will impact this dual role as now tester testing in one sprint will not be able to write requirements for the next sprint and vice versa.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">An individual playing a Tester BA role should have adequate skills to fit in both the roles seamlessly.</li>
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Conclusion</h3>
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Having the BA doing testing, you remove one level of the indirection and at least get something close to what the BA had envisaged.</div>
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Because the BA was the person who dealt with the source of the requirements, it is the best you can get. Of course, intensive testing involvement by the key business users will give even a better result.</div>
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However, you should never only rely on them because there the risk is too high they only do it superficially and won’t go through all the scenarios you will encounter during normal business use.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Specialist testers in combination with the original Business Analyst(s)</span>and end users will give the best results. However, I am open to alternate options if you can think of any which you can feel free to voice in the comments section below.</div>
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And yes, testers should be involved in early stages of the requirements and design!</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-53499293079572799482016-06-16T12:43:00.001+05:302016-06-16T12:43:22.190+05:307 basic tips for testing multi-lingual web sites<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; padding: 0px;">
These days a number of web sites are deployed in multiple languages. As companies perform more and more business in other countries, the number of such global multi-lingual web applications will continue to increase.</div>
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<a href="http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/web-application-testing/" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); color: #777777; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="Complete guide for testing web applications">Testing web sites</a> supporting multiple languages has its own fair share of challenges. In this article, <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">I will share seven tips with you that will enable you to test the multi-lingual browser-based applications in a complete way:</strong></div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tip # 1 – Prepare and use the required test environment</strong></div>
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If a web site is hosted in English and Japanese languages, it is not enough to simply change the default browser language and perform identical tests in both the languages. Depending on its implementation, a web site may figure out the correct language for its interface from the browser language setting, the regional and language settings of the machine, a configuration in the web application or other factors. Therefore, in order to perform a realistic test, it is imperative that the web site be tested from two machines – one with the English operating system and one with the Japanese operating system. You might want to keep the default settings on each machine since many users do not change the default settings on their machines.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tip # 2 – Acquire correct translations</strong></div>
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A <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">native speaker of the language</strong>, belonging to the same region as the users, is usually the best resource to provide translations that are accurate in both meaning as well as context. If such a person is not available to provide you the translations of the text, you might have to depend on <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">automated web translations</strong> available on web sites like wordreference.com and dictionary.com. It is a good idea to compare automated translations from multiple sources before using them in the test.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tip # 3 – Get really comfortable with the application</strong></div>
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Since you might not know the languages supported by the web site, it is always a good idea for you to be very conversant with the functionality of the web site. Execute the test cases in the English version of the site a number of times. This will help you find your way easily within the other language version. Otherwise, you might have to keep the English version of the site open in another browser in order to figure out how to proceed in the other language version (and this could slow you down).</div>
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<strong style="line-height: 20.0005px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">Tip # 4 – Start with testing the labels</strong></div>
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You could start testing the other language version of the web site by first looking at all the labels. Labels are the more static items in the web site. English labels are usually short and translated labels tend to expand. It is important to spot any issues related to label truncation, overlay on/ under other controls, incorrect word wrapping etc. It is even more important to compare the labels with their translations in the other language.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tip # 5 – Move on to the other controls</strong></div>
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Next, you could move on to checking the other controls for correct translations and any user interface issues. It is important that the web site provides correct error messages in the other language. The test should include <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">generating all the error messages</strong>. Usually for any text that is not translated, three possibilities exist. The text will be missing or its English equivalent will be present or you will see junk characters in its place.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tip # 6 – Do test the data</strong></div>
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Usually, multi-lingual web sites store the data in the <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">UTF-8 Unicode encoding format</strong>. To check the character encoding for your website in mozilla: go to View -> Character Encoding and in IE go to View -> Encoding. Data in different languages can be easily represented in this format. <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Make sure to check the input data.</strong> It should be possible to enter data in the other language in the web site. The data displayed by the web site should be correct. The output data should be compared with its translation.<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Tip # 7 – Be aware of cultural issues</strong></div>
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A challenge in testing multi-lingual web sites is that each language might be meant for users from a particular culture. Many things such as preferred (and not preferred) <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">colors, text direction</strong> (this can be left to right, right to left or top to bottom), <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">format of salutations and addresses, measures, currency etc.</strong> are different in different cultures. Not only should the other language version of the web site provide correct translations, other elements of the user interface e.g. text direction, currency symbol, date format etc. should also be correct.</div>
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As you might have gathered from the tips given above, <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using the correct test environment and acquiring correct translations</strong> is critical in performing a successful test of other language versions of a web site.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">It would be interesting to know your experience on testing multi-language web sites.</strong></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-68129829499215975072016-06-16T11:00:00.002+05:302016-06-16T11:03:14.248+05:30What Requirements Documents Does A Business Analyst Create?<h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(39, 69, 105); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">What Requirements Documents Does A Business Analyst Create?</span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="categories" style="box-sizing: border-box;">In: <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/category/business-analyst-knowledge/requirements-analysis/" rel="category tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Requirements Models and Specifications</a></span> <span class="author vcard" style="box-sizing: border-box;">By: <span class="fn" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/author/laura-brandau/" rel="author" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Laura Brandenburg</a></span></span></span></div>
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<img alt="" class="alignright wp-image-12700 size-medium" height="229" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/requirements-specifications-300x229.jpg" srcset="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/requirements-specifications-300x229.jpg 300w, http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/requirements-specifications-66x50.jpg 66w, http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/requirements-specifications.jpg 475w" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; float: right; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 25px 25px; max-width: 100%; padding: 1px;" title="requirements specifications" width="300" /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Are you working on your first project as a business analyst? Have you ever wondered exactly what requirements documents a business analyst creates for review by the business and technical teams? While the requirements documents created for any specific project will heavily depend on the type of project, the needs and preferences of your business and technical stakeholders, and your organization’s business analysis standards, what follows is a set of specifications you might consider creating as a business analyst.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Stakeholder Analysis</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Even if the business analyst doesn’t create a formal <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/investing-some-time-in-stakeholder-analysis/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">stakeholder analysis specification</a>, you will need to determine who the sponsor and <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/do-you-have-the-key-business-stakeholders-involved-in-your-project/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">key business stakeholders</a> for the project, the <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/whos-perception-of-value-do-we-care-about/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">multiple perspectives you’ll want to bring in</a> to the requirements, and discover anyone else who needs to be involved. On a technology project, stakeholders typically involve <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/help-a-ba-what-is-the-difference-between-a-subject-matter-expert-and-a-business-analyst/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">subject matter experts</a> from the business and IT teams.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Business Analysis Plan</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">It might seem like a redundant step – <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/ba-stories-business-analysts-plan-to-plan-babok-2-3/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">a plan for creating a plan</a>? It’s true. A business analyst will typically create a plan that outlines the elicitation, requirements analysis, and validation/verification efforts as well as clearly indicates who is responsible for what within the context of the business analysis effort. The business analysis plan will often be driven by an organization’s <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/the-babok-might-not-be-a-methodology-but-the-ba-still-needs-one-babok-2-1/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">business analysis methodology</a>, which may be formal or informal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Current State Analysis</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">If the current <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-analyze-a-business-process/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">business process</a> or <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-learn-about-a-new-business/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">business domain</a> is not well understood, it may be necessary to analyze and document the current state before scoping a project to improve upon it. This could involve <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/as-is-business-process/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">“as is” process documentation</a> or an assessment of current capabilities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Scope Statement Specification</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">This is the most fundamental deliverable on any project – a clear definition of the scope of the project or product. This specification might also be referred to as a<a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/if-a-project-is-approved-do-you-need-to-do-a-business-case/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Business Case</a>, Vision Document or Business Requirements Document (though in practice, BRDs typically include many additional sections that would include the Functional Requirements, which I classify as a separate deliverable). In this requirements specification, you are essentially answering the following <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/5-questions-to-ask-before-starting-any-technology-project/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">questions</a>:</span></div>
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<li style="background: url("images/bullet.png") 10px 14px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 0px 0px 30px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">What <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/10-ways-to-discover-what-the-problem-really-is/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">problem are we solving</a> or what is the <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/ba-stories-do-you-define-the-business-need-babok-5-1/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">business need</a>?</span></li>
<li style="background: url("images/bullet.png") 10px 14px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 0px 0px 30px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is the scope of the solution to the problem?</span></li>
<li style="background: url("images/bullet.png") 10px 14px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 0px 0px 30px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Is the investment in solving the problem worth it?</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">In an agile environment, these sort of questions might be answered in an <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/moving-from-an-epic-to-a-user-story-in-an-agile-product-backlog/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">epic</a>format.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(Before I forget, all of my requirements documentation templates, including a simple Scope Statement, are included in my <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/business-analyst-template-toolkit/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Business Analyst Template Toolkit</a>.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Functional Requirements Specification</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">If the solution is a software solution (not all solutions are), then the business analyst will specify the <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/functional-specification/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">functional requirements</a> for the project. These requirements specifications might also be referred to as software requirements, technical requirements, or system requirements. Functional requirements identify what the system does – how it functions – and typically are written at the level of what a given “user” can get the system to do. Functional Requirements can be captured in a wide variety of requirements deliverables.</span></div>
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<li style="background: url("images/bullet.png") 10px 14px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 0px 0px 30px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/what-is-a-use-case/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Use cases</a> are a very common way to capture functional requirements.</span></li>
<li style="background: url("images/bullet.png") 10px 14px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 0px 0px 30px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Other times the use cases are captured together in a <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/why-writing-a-software-requirements-specification-is-a-valuable-analyst-skill/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Software Requirements Specification</a> (SRS) , which may also include the non-functional requirements.</span></li>
<li style="background: url("images/bullet.png") 10px 14px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 0px 0px 30px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">In an agile environment, functional requirements are captured in <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/an-agile-experience-my-first-user-stories/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">user stories</a> which are organized in a <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/an-agile-experience-my-first-product-backlog/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">product backlog</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">For <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/help-a-ba-how-do-become-a-ba-if-i-dont-have-an-it-background/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">BAs <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">without</strong></em> an IT background</a>, this is the level at which you need to learn to understand and talk intelligently about “IT” – it’s about <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">what</em> the system can do for the business, not about <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">how</em> that system is built. If even if this level of understanding technology systems is not appealing, you are probably better off focusing on business process-focused <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/what-is-a-business-analyst-role-anyway/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">BA roles</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Wireframes and Other Visual Documentation</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Often times, functional requirements are accompanied by renderings of the user interface, most commonly in low-fidelity <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/what-to-focus-on-in-a-wireframe/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">wireframes</a>. A BA who is also a user experience designer may also be responsible for creating a high-fidelity prototype. And if the rules behind the user interface are important, a <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-create-a-user-interface-specification/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">user interface specification</a> can be a handy spec to pull all the details together in context for your development team. <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-diagram-a-workflow/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Workflow diagrams</a> are also commonly used to depict a functional or business process in a visual way, which facilitates a more efficient requirements approval process.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Information or Data Model Documentation</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">In addition to the user-facing functionality of the software, the business analyst may identify elements of the information model too. This could be at a conceptual level (which I tend to capture in a <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/bag-of-tricks-3-using-domain-models-to-create-conceptual-understanding/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">domain model</a>) or a more detailed level using a <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/data-dictionary/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">data dictionary</a> or <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/what-is-data-mapping/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">data mapping specification</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Test Plans, Test Cases, or User Acceptance Test Plans</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">If the business analyst is involved in testing the software application, they may also create a test plan and detailed test cases to validate that the functional requirements are met. Often this task is handled by a dedicated Quality Assurance Engineer in which case the BA might be asked to review their plans. Even when basic functional testing is performed by QA, the BA may be involved in testing conducted by business subject matter experts. This is typically called User Acceptance Testing (UAT). The BA may list out scenarios for the <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/using-a-process-walk-through-to-validate-requirements-for-a-new-system/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">business stakeholders to walk through</a> and may actually facilitate elements of the testing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Change Management</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">While User Acceptance Testing gets the business community started down the path of embracing the changes to come, other deliverables may be necessary. These could include updated business procedures or <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-analyze-a-business-process/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">business processes</a>, checklists or work aids, or new training materials. Again, sometimes these deliverables and processes are covered by other groups. Towards the end of the project, the business analyst may also update the requirements deliverables to reflect the as-built functionality so that the team can start the next project working for up-to-date<a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/technical-specifications-and-system-documentation-can-take-different-forms/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">system documentation</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Throughout the Project</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">While ideally the business analysis and project management roles are filled by two different individuals, the business analyst is responsible for managing the requirements process and contributing to the project plan. Often this means maintaining a requirements <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/the-issues-list/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">issues list</a>, contributing to the project implementation plan, and providing regular status updates. You’ll also be creating <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-create-quick-and-effective-meeting-agendas/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">meeting agendas</a>and typing up <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/take-meeting-notes/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">meeting notes</a> to capture the results of your requirements discussions and may be involved in <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/how-to-manage-change-requests/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">managing change requests</a> as stakeholders discover updates to the requirements.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Choose Your Requirements Documents</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">By no means does a business analyst create every one of these requirements specifications for each project. Most BAs pick and choose the most appropriate specifications given the nature of their project and customize their <a href="http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/requirements-templates-start-from-scratch/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #34678a; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">templates</a> based on stakeholder needs and project considerations.</span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-6491502957983883622016-06-15T12:41:00.003+05:302016-06-15T12:42:10.955+05:30Smoke Vs Sanity Testing - Introduction and Differences<h1 itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #343434; font-family: "Droid Sans", Helvetica, arial, serif; font-size: 39.1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 10px 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
<span style="font-family: "droid sans"; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px;">Smoke and Sanity testing are the most misunderstood topics in Software Testing. There is enormous amount of literature on the subject, but most of them are confusing. The following article makes an attempt to address the confusion.</span></h1>
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The key differences between Smoke and Sanity Testing can be learned with the help of following diagram -</div>
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<a class="modal" href="http://cdn.guru99.com/images/stories/Sanity_Smoke_Testing.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(112, 189, 205, 0.498039); color: #70bdcd; position: relative !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out;"><img alt="Sanity_Smoke_Testing" src="http://cdn.guru99.com/images/stories/Sanity_Smoke_Testing.png" height="392" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="640" /></a></div>
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To appreciate the above diagram, lets first understand -</div>
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<br />what is a Software Build?</h2>
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If you are developing a simple computer program which consists of only one source code file, you merely need to compile and link this one file, to produce an executable file. This process is very simple.<br />
Usually this is not the case. A typical Software Project consists of hundreds or even thousands of source code files. Creating an executable program from these source files is a complicated and time-consuming task.<br />
You need to use "build" software to create an executable program and the process is called "<strong><em>Software Build</em></strong>"</div>
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what is Smoke Testing?</h2>
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Smoke Testing is performed after software build to <strong>ascertain that the critical functionalities of the program is working fine</strong>.It is executed <strong>"before"</strong> any detailed functional or regression tests are executed on the software build.The <strong>purpose is to reject a badly broken application</strong>, so that the QA team does not waste time installing and testing the software application.</div>
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In Smoke Testing, the <strong>test cases chosen cover the most important functionality</strong> or component of the system. The objective is not to perform exhaustive testing, but to verify that the critical functionalities of the system is working fine.<br />
For Example a typical smoke test would be - Verify that the application launches successfully, Check that the GUI is responsive ... etc.</div>
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what is Sanity Testing?</h2>
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After receiving a <strong>software build, with minor changes in code, or functionality, Sanity testing is performed to ascertain that the bugs have been fixed and no further issues are introduced due to these changes</strong>.The goal is to determine that the proposed functionality works roughly as expected. <strong>If sanity test fails, the build is rejected to save the time and costs involved in a more rigorous testing</strong>.</div>
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The <strong>objective is "not" to verify thoroughly the new functionality</strong>, but to determine that the developer has applied some rationality (sanity) while producing the software. For instance, if your scientific calculator gives the result of 2 + 2 =5! Then, there is no point testing the advanced functionalities like sin 30 + cos 50.</div>
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Smoke Testing Vs Sanity Testing - Key Differences</h2>
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<ins class="adsbygoogle responsive-guru99-leaderboard-bottom" data-ad-client="ca-pub-6330153051175486" data-ad-slot="8759395585" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 728px;"><ins id="aswift_1_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 90px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 728px;"><ins id="aswift_1_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 728px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="90" hspace="0" id="aswift_1" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="aswift_1" scrolling="no" style="left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px;" vspace="0" width="728"></iframe></ins></ins></ins></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="table table-striped" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 849px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;" width="50%"><div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 15px;">
<strong>Smoke Testing</strong></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;" width="50%"><div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 15px;">
<strong>Sanity Testing</strong></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td height="60" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Smoke Testing is performed to ascertain that the critical functionalities of the program is working fine</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Sanity Testing is done to check the new functionality / bugs have been fixed</td></tr>
<tr><td height="60" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">The objective of this testing is to verify the "stability" of the system in order to proceed with more rigorous testing</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">The objective of the testing is to verify the "rationality" of the system in order to proceed with more rigorous testing</td></tr>
<tr><td height="40" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">This testing is performed by the developers or testers</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Sanity testing is usually performed by testers</td></tr>
<tr><td height="40" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Smoke testing is usually documented or scripted</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Sanity testing is usually not documented and is unscripted</td></tr>
<tr><td height="40" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Smoke testing is a subset of Regression testing</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Sanity testing is a subset of Acceptance testing</td></tr>
<tr><td height="40" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Smoke testing exercises the entire system from end to end</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Sanity testing exercises only the particular component of the entire system</td></tr>
<tr><td height="40" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Smoke testing is like General Health Check Up</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; line-height: 20px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Sanity Testing is like specialized health check up</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="color: inherit; font-family: "Droid Sans", Helvetica, arial, serif; font-size: 30.6px; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 10px 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
Points to note.</h2>
<ul class="checklist" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Both sanity tests and smoke tests are ways to avoid wasting time and effort by quickly determining whether an application is too flawed to merit any rigorous testing. </li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sanity Testing is also called <strong>tester acceptance testing</strong>.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Smoke testing performed on a particular build is also known as a <strong>build verification test</strong>.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">One of the best industry practice is to conduct a Daily build and smoke test in software projects.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Both smoke and sanity tests <strong>can be executed manually or using an automation tool</strong>. When automated tools are used, the tests are often initiated by the same process that generates the build itself.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong>As per the needs of testing, you may have to execute both Sanity and Smoke Tests on the software build. In such cases you will first execute Smoke tests and then go ahead with Sanity Testing. In industry, test cases for Sanity Testing are commonly combined with that for smoke tests, to speed up test execution. Hence it's a common that the terms are often confused and used interchangeably</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-73940682791127442232016-06-15T12:11:00.001+05:302016-06-15T12:11:54.985+05:30Testrail - User Guide<h1 class="sectionedit1" id="getting_started_with_testrail" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
Getting started with TestRail</h1>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
TestRail is a web-based test case management tool. It is used by testers, developers and team leads to manage, track and organize software testing efforts. TestRail allows team members to enter test cases, organize test suites, execute test runs and track their results, all from a modern and easy to use web interface. Teams benefit from four main advantages when adopting TestRail:</div>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Manage test cases, suites and test runs</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The traditional way of managing and documenting test cases on paper, in wikis, bug tracking tools or general document management systems quickly reaches its limits. TestRail enables you to create, manage and organize test cases and suites within an optimized user interface and application structure.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Boosting testing productivity</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />TestRail's todo lists, filters and email notifications help coordinate test runs and increase the productivity and responsibility of testers. The goal is to make sure that every team member knows his tasks at all times and that team leads can assign new tasks to testers depending on their workload.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Real-time insights into your testing progress</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />To make important project decisions, it is critical to have access to detailed information about the testing progress and test results. Questions such as “How many percent of a test run have we successfully completed?”, “How are we progressing on the upcoming milestone?” or “Which tests have been executed in the past 24 hours?” can only be answered efficiently by using a comprehensive test case management software such as TestRail, and TestRail makes these details readily available.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Organize and track software testing efforts</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The organization and coordination of multiple parallel tests, be it for different projects or releases, is often complex and time-consuming. To not lose track of your testing efforts, TestRail helps you manage important software-specific data and structures such as project milestones and makes it easy to integrate with bug tracking tools.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 class="sectionedit2" id="the_dashboard" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 2em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
The dashboard</h2>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
After logging in to TestRail, the first page you usually see is the dashboard. The dashboard provides you with an overview of available projects, recent project activities and your todos. When you navigate to a project (by clicking on a project title), you switch to the project view and land on the project's overview page, showing project details such as test suites, active test runs, project activity and so on. Whenever you need to switch to another project, just return to the dashboard by clicking the link in the upper left corner.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-projectnav.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-projectnav.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-projectnav.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
</div>
<h2 class="sectionedit3" id="test_cases_and_suites" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 2em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
Test cases and suites</h2>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
A test case in TestRail consists of a description of the test's prerequisites, a list of test steps and the expected result. A test case can ideally be verified by a single tester in a short period of time and confirms a specific functionality, documents a task or verifies a project artifact.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
In TestRail, test cases are organized into test suites. A test suite is a collection of test cases and is often created for specific project modules or areas. How you organize your test suites depends on the size of your project. If you have a lot of test cases for a project module, it is recommended to further break down your test suites and create suites for specific features or functionality. Ideally, a test suite consists of 50-1000 test cases.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-suite.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-suite.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-suite.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
To further organize test cases, test cases of a suite can be grouped into so-called sections. Sections are used to organize test cases into groups to make it easier for testers to identify related cases.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
For example, if you use multiple test cases to verify a specific application dialog or web page, these test cases should be grouped in a section. Depending on how complex your project is and how fine-grained your test cases are, a section should ideally consist of 10-50 test cases.</div>
</div>
<h2 class="sectionedit4" id="test_runs_and_tests" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 2em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
Test runs and tests</h2>
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To run a test and enter test results for the cases you added, you start a test run for a particular test suite. While a test suite is just like a plan that specifies how an application is tested, a test run is an actual test you are conducting.</div>
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<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-run.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-run.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-run.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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For most projects you will most likely start multiple test runs for a particular test suite over time. For example, if you are releasing multiple versions of a software program, you might want to conduct a test run for each new release. Likewise, you can have multiple test runs for a particular test suite active at the same time. This can make sense if you want to execute a particular test suite for multiple configurations (such as different operating systems). You can then start a test run for each different configuration you want to test against.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-runsmulti.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-runsmulti.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-runsmulti.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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When you start a new test run (e.g. by clicking the Run a Test button in the toolbar of a test suite), you can choose to either include all cases of a test suite or select the cases manually. If you include all cases in a test run, new cases that you add to the test suite are also automatically added to the run.</div>
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A run consists of individual tests for each case that you add. By default, each test has one of five different statuses that are signaled in TestRail by specific colors. You can add a test result and change the status of a test either by clicking the Add Result button on the test page, or by changing it directly on the run page.</div>
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<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-resultpopup.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-resultpopup.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-resultpopup.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
The following test statuses are available by default:</div>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Untested</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />By default, new tests have the status Untested. Once a test result has been added to a test, it can never receive the Untested status again.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Passed</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />A test is marked as Passed when a tester verified the test steps and the expected results.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Failed</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />A tester marks a test as Failed if one of the specified test steps resulted in an error or if the expected result differs from the actual test result.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Retest</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />If a developer or tester determines that a test should be tested again, she marks the test as Retest. E.g., if a test originally failed and the developer fixed the problem, the developer can mark it to be retested.</div>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="level1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="li" style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Blocked</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The Blocked status is used to signal that a test cannot be executed currently because of some external dependency (such as a bug that needs to be fixed before being able to complete to test). It is often used in combination with the Retest status.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
Once a test run has been completed, you can close it from the run's edit page. Tests of a closed run cannot be edited or changed, making it ideal for archiving test runs. Additionally, if you change any of the associated cases' attributes (such as the expected result), the change won't be applied to the closed and archived run.</div>
</div>
<h2 class="sectionedit5" id="projects_and_milestones" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 2em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
Projects and milestones</h2>
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Projects are the main organizational unit in TestRail. It is generally recommended to create a TestRail project for every real software project you want to manage within TestRail. All other data such as test suites, runs, test results, milestones etc. are directly associated with a specific project. See the following illustration to see how the different entities relate to each other:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-entities.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-entities.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-entities.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
You can also add your project milestones to TestRail. A milestone can be any project milestone you deem to be important, such as a planned public software release, an internal test version or a new beta release for an important customer. Once you have added your milestones to TestRail, you can assign test runs to specific milestones.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
Assigning test runs to milestones has the advantage that you can easily track the milestones' test results and progress separately. Especially if you are working on multiple milestones in parallel or if you have many test runs active at the same time, managing milestones within TestRail is a great help.</div>
</div>
<h2 class="sectionedit6" id="test_plans_and_configurations" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 2em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
Test plans and configurations</h2>
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When you need to manage multiple test runs and configurations for a single project, TestRail's test plans come in handy. A test plan allows you to start multiple test runs at once, either if you have many test suites or if you want to test against multiple configurations (where a configuration can be anything you need to test your project against, such as different operating systems or web browsers).</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;">
<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-plan.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-plan.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-plan.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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To create a test plan, simply click the Add Test Plan button from the Test Runs & Results page. Now just select one or more test suites from the sidebar to add them to the plan. Just like you do with a single test run, you can configure all properties of the test runs such as the name, the cases you want to include and so on.</div>
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You often have to test a specific test run against multiple configurations such as operating systems or web browser versions. To make it easier to create a separate test run for each configuration combination, you can specify and select all configurations for your test runs within a plan. To do this, simply click the Select Configurations link of a run and select or add your configurations.</div>
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<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-planentry.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-planentry.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-planentry.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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Todos and notifications</h2>
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Tests can be assigned to team members. You can either assign tests when a run is created or do so afterwards from the run or test pages. Once a test has been assigned to a user, the test appears on the user's todo list. Every user has its own todo list for each project she's working on, while the Dashboard provides a quick way to see the user's todos for all projects. The todo page can also be used to view the todos of other team members or the entire team at once, providing an easy way for team leads to assign tests to team members with the least workload.</div>
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<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-todo.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-todo.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-todo.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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Another relevant feature are email notifications. Email notifications help test owners to learn about test changes made by other users. For example, if a test has been assigned to a user (i.e. the test owner) and another user adds a comment or result to the test, the test owner is notified by email. It is also possible to subscribe to tests of other users or even entire runs by clicking the small email icons on the relevant pages.</div>
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Tracking progress and activity</h2>
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Besides making it easier to manage test suites and enter test results, providing an easy way for all team members to track the test progress is one of TestRail's most useful features. You can view the test results and testing activity of runs, milestones and entire projects on the individual resource pages.</div>
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<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-progress.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-progress.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-progress.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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You can choose between the status, activity and progress view on the test run and milestone pages from the sidebar, while you can switch between the project history and test results on the project's overview page. Additional reporting features can be found on the Reports tab.</div>
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<a class="media" href="http://docs.gurock.com/_detail/testrail-userguide/tutorial-report.png?id=testrail-userguide%3Auserguide-gettingstarted" style="border: 1px solid rgb(199, 219, 239); color: #0066cc; display: block; margin: 2em 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="testrail-userguide:tutorial-report.png"><img alt="" class="media" src="http://docs.gurock.com/_media/testrail-userguide/tutorial-report.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; padding: 0px;" /></a></div>
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<h2 class="sectionedit9" id="learn_more_and_try_out_testrail" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: left; color: #666666; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 2em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
Learn more and try out TestRail</h2>
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You've reached the end of this Getting Started guide. If you haven't already, the easiest way to try out TestRail is to create a trial on our servers and this just takes two minutes to set up:</div>
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<a href="https://secure.gurock.com/customers/testrail/trial/" style="color: #0066cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Try out TestRail</a></div>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-90301978058099456572014-12-09T21:21:00.003+05:302014-12-09T21:21:43.703+05:30Selenium Automation Framework Example<div class="row-fluid content-body" id="content-body" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; width: 870px;">
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Introduction to Automation testing:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Testing is an essential part of a software development process. While testing intermediate versions of products/projects being developed, testing team needs to execute a number of test cases. In addition, prior to release every new version, it is mandatory that the version is passed through a set of “regression” and “smoke” tests. Most of all such tests are standard for every new version of product/project, and therefore can be automated in order to save human resources and time for executing them.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Benefits of using automated testing are the following:</span></b></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Reduction of tests’ time execution and human resources required</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Complete control over the tests’ results (“actual results” vs “expected results”)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Possibility to quickly change test’s preconditions and input data, and re-run the tests dynamically with multiple sets of data</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Automation workflow for the application can be presented as follows:</span></b></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">First of all it is required to identify tasks that an application has to accomplish.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Second, a set of necessary input data has to be created.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Third, expected results have to be defined in order one can judge that an application (a requested feature) works correspondingly.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Fourth, Executes a test.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Finally, Compares expected results with actual results, and decides whether the test has been passed successfully.</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Environment Specifications:</span></b></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Selenium Webdriver (Supports all major browsers, we use Mozilla, chrome and IE)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Eclipse IDE</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Java</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">TestNG</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">AutoIT Tool (Used to handle Windows popups for Document Uploads and Downloads.)</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This Framework has the following tools:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>1. Selenium - </b>Selenium is a well know open source testing framework, which is widely used for testing Web-based applications. It has different components and in that Webdriver has rendered the Selenium Remote Control obsolete, and is commonly referred to as Selenium 2.0.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Selenium Webdriver supports most of all browsers to run your test cases and many programming languages like C#, Java, Python, Ruby, .Net, Perl, PHP, etc.. to create and modify your test scripts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>2. Eclipse IDE</b>: Eclipse is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java. The Eclipse IDE is the most known product of the Eclipse Open Source project.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>3. TestNG</b> - Is a testing framework inspired from JUnit and NUnit. It has extended new functionalities which made it more powerful and easier than the other testing frameworks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It supports ReportNG (simple HTML reporting plug-in) and XLST (Graphical / Pictorial reports) plug-ins to customize or extend the default TestNG reporting style.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>4. AutoIT</b> - AutoIt v3 is a freeware BASIC-like scripting language designed for automating the Windows GUI and general scripting. It uses a combination of simulated keystrokes, mouse movement and window/control manipulation in order to automate tasks which is not possible with selenium.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">File Formats Used in the Framework:</span></b></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><em style="padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">Properties file</em> – We use properties file to store and retrieve the UI elements of an application or a website and data set file paths. It contains id of the elements, name, xpath or Css selector etc.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><em style="padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">Excel files</em> – Excel files are used to pass multiple sets of data to the application.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><em style="padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">Xml file</em> – Is used to execute the test scripts. Based on the package or classes or Tests mentioned in the xml file scripts will be executed.</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The following figure explains physical structure of files required for Test Automation Framework</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Project Structure" src="http://seleniumeasy.com/themes/open_framework-7.x-2.06/images/projectstructure.png" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14902); height: auto; max-width: 100%; outline: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>The Project Folder Structure:</b> All the basic required folders are created with the sub folders and classes under each folder:--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Automation Project Folder structure" src="http://seleniumeasy.com/themes/open_framework-7.x-2.06/images/projectfolderstructure.png" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14902); height: auto; max-width: 100%; outline: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Following explains the structure in detail:-</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>1. </b><b><a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/ui-map-object-repository-using-properties-file" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">UI Map / Object Repository</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">UIMap is a concept for defining, storing, and serving UI elements of an application or a website. The UIMap properties file contains a set of ‘key-value’ pairs, where key is an alias of the UI element, and a value is the locator. <a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/ui-map-object-repository-using-properties-file" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Click here for more..</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2. <b><a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/test-data-in-automation-framework" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Data Set / Test Data</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Data set stores the data files, Script reads test data from external data sources and executes test based on it. Data sets increases test coverage by performing testing with various inputs and reduce the number of overall test scripts needed to implement all the test cases. <a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/test-data-in-automation-framework" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Click here for more..</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3. <b><a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/test-automation-scripts-structure" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Test Automation Scripts</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A test is considered as a single action or a sequence of actions, that defines whether a specific feature meets functional requirements. It has multiple test files / packages / class files which will be executed based on the configurations defined in testng.xml. <a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/test-automation-scripts-structure" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Click here for more..</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4. <b><a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/reporting-structure-in-selenium-automation-framework" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Reports / Executed Results</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Test report/results is a document which contains summary of test activities. After execution is completed, it is very important to communicate the test results and findings to the project manager and with that decisions can be made for the release. <a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/reporting-structure-in-selenium-automation-framework" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Click here for More..</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5. <a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/configuration-in-automation-framework" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">TestNG xml file</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In order to create a test suite and run separate test cases, we need framework which drives the automation. Here testng.xml can be called as "driver" which drives several test cases automated using selenium code. Advantage of using TestNG with Selenium is of running multiple test cases from multiple classes using xml configuration file .<a href="http://seleniumeasy.com/selenium-tutorials/configuration-in-automation-framework" style="color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;">Click here for More..</a></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-88518453931643099812014-12-09T21:18:00.001+05:302014-12-09T21:18:29.287+05:30Difference between Selenium RC and Selenium Web driver<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Difference between Selenium RC and Selenium Web driver</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;"> Difference between Selenium RC and Selenium Web driver.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium Web driver<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC’s architecture is way more complicated.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Web Driver’s architecture is simpler than Selenium RC’s</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC is slower since it uses a JavaScript program called Selenium Core.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> This Selenium Core is the one that directly controls the browser, not you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Web Driver is faster than Selenium RC since it</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> speaks directly to the browser uses the browser’s own engine to control it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium Core, just like other JavaScript codes, can access disabled elements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Web Driver interacts with page elements in a more realistic way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC’s API is more matured but contains redundancies and often confusing commands</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Web Driver’s API is simpler than Selenium RC’s</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">. It does not contain redundant and confusing commands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC cannot support the headless HtmlUnit browser.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> It needs a real, visible browser to operate on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Web Driver can support the headless HtmlUnit browser</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC Has Built-In Test Result Generator. Selenium RC automatically generates an HTML file of test results. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Web Driver has no built-in command that automatically generates a Test Results File.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC needs the help of the RC Server in order to do so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">web Driver directly talks to the browser<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Selenium RC can support new browsers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">It cannot readily support new browsers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-5509227824002508902014-10-20T16:28:00.002+05:302014-10-20T16:28:38.387+05:30Java Video Lecture:<h2 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Learner TV Java Videos</span></h2>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<table id="gradient-style" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 1px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 1000px;"><tbody>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5496-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5496-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 2 - Running a Java Program</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5496-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5497-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5497-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 3 - Downloading Eclipse</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5497-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5498-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5498-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 4 - Hello World</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">8 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5498-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5499-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5499-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 5 - Variables</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5499-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5500-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5500-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 6 - Getting User Input</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5500-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5501-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5501-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 7 - Building a Basic Calculator</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5501-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5502-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5502-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 8 - Math Operators</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5502-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5503-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5503-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 9 - Increment Operators</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">5 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5503-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5504-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5504-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 10 - If Statement</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5504-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5505-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5505-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 11 - Logical Operators</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5505-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5506-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5506-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 12 - Switch Statement</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5506-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5507-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5507-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 13 - While Loop</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">4 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5507-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5508-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5508-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 14 - Using Multiple Classes</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5508-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5509-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5509-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 15 - Use Methods with Parameters</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5509-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5510-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5510-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 16 - Many Methods and Instances</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">8 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5510-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5511-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5511-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 17 - Constructors</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5511-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5512-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5512-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 18 - Nested if Statements</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">5 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5512-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5513-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5513-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 19 - else if Statement</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">5 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5513-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5514-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5514-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 20 - Conditional Operators</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">3 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5514-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5515-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5515-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 21 - Simple Averaging Program</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5515-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5516-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5516-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 22 - for Loops</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">4 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5516-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5517-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5517-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 23 - Compound Interest Program</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5517-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5518-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5518-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 24 - do while Loops</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">3 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5518-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5519-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5519-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 25 - Math Class Methods</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">5 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5519-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5520-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5520-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 26 - Random Number Generator</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">5 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5520-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5521-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5521-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 27 - Introduction to Arrays</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5521-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5522-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5522-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 28 - Creating an Array Table</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5522-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5523-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5523-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 29 - Summing Elements of Arrays</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">4 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5523-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5524-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5524-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 30 - Array Elements as Counters</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">9 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5524-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5525-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5525-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 31 - Enhanced for Loop</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">4 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5525-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #f2f2f2; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5526-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f2f2; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5526-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 32 - Arrays in Methods</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f2f2; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f2f2; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f2f2; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5526-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5527-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5527-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 33 - Multidimensional Arrays</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">4 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5527-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5528-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5528-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 34 - Table for Multi Arrays</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5528-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5529-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5529-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 35 - Variable Length Arguments</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">5 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5529-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5530-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5530-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 36 - Time Class</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">9 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5530-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5531-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5531-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 37 - Display Regular time</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5531-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5532-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5532-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 38 - Public, Private and this</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">6 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5532-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5533-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5533-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 39 - Multiple Constructors</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">8 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5533-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5534-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5534-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 40 - Set and Get Methods</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5534-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5535-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5535-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 41 - Building Objects for Constructors</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">8 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5535-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5536-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5536-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 42 - toString</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">8 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5536-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5537-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5537-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 43 - Composition</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">9 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5537-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt2"><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5538-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5538-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 44 - Enumeration</a></td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">10 min</td><td style="background-color: #e4e7e6; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5538-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a></td></tr>
<tr class="alt1"><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5539-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;"><img alt="" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.learnerstv.com/images/video.gif" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" td="" width="22" /></a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5539-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Java Programming Tutorial - 45 - EnumSet range</a></td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">Programming</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;">7 min</td><td style="background-color: #f2f0f0; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #333333; padding: 3px;"><a href="http://www.learnerstv.com/video/Free-video-Lecture-5539-Computer-Science.htm" style="background: transparent; color: #333333;">Click to view videos</a><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-38744878608566235192014-07-28T14:13:00.002+05:302014-07-28T14:29:34.304+05:30$x<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;">This command returns an array of HTML or XML elements matching the given XPath expression. This means it is actually a shortcut for document.evaluate().<br /><br />Currently this command is limited to node arrays. See issue 18 for supporting other results to be printed. <br /><br /><b>Syntax</b><br /><br /><b>$x(xpath [, contextNode [, resultType]])</b><br /><br /><b>Parameters</b><br />XPath expression used to match the elements to return. This follows the syntax of document.evaluate(). (required)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>contextNode</b><br />Element used as root node for the XPath expression. (optional; added in Firebug 1.11)<br /><b> </b></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>resultType</b></span></h2>
<h2>
</h2>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Object type returned by the function. (optional; added in Firebug 1.11) </span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline" id="resultType">resultType </span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Object type returned by the function. (optional; added in Firebug 1.11)
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<table class="wikitable" style="vertical-align: top; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr bgcolor="lightgrey">
<th style="width: 180px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Option </span></th><th><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>document.evaluate()</code> equivalent </span></th><th><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Description
</span></th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>"number"</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>XPathResult.NUMBER_TYPE</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Numerical value
</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>"string"</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>XPathResult.STRING_TYPE</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> String value
</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>"bool"</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>XPathResult.BOOLEAN_TYPE</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Boolean value
</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>"node"</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>XPathResult.FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Single HTML element
</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>"nodes"</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><code>XPathResult.UNORDERED_NODE_ITERATOR_TYPE</code></span> </td><td><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Array of HTML elements
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br />Examples<br /><br />1. $x("//h1")<br /><br />This returns an array of all<br /><br />2. $x("//input[@type='checkbox']")<br /><br />This returns an array of all checkboxes of a page.<br /><br />3. $x("count(//h1)>5")<br /><br />This checks whether there are more than five<br />s in the page and returns true or false. (requires Firebug 1.11 or higher)<br /><br />4. $x("//p/b[1]/text()")<br /><br />This returns an array of all text nodes within every first of all s of a page.<br /><br />5. $x(".//button", $$("form")[1])<br /><br />This returns an array of all within the second<br /><br />of a page. (requires Firebug 1.11 or higher)<br /><br />6. $x("//p", document, "node")<br /><br />This returns the first inside the page. (requires Firebug 1.11 or higher) </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-72939579432656872512013-09-12T17:52:00.004+05:302013-09-12T17:55:06.239+05:30You missed that scenario! - I was unable to answer!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! <div style="text-align: justify;">
“You missed that scenario!” ever heard client saying that when you showcased your completed work?<br />
In one such situation, the client was upset because they found an issue in production. I tried to convince her by presenting what we did and how we carried out our testing. I also assured that we will take care of such scenarios.<br />
I was curious to know more about the production issue, wondering how I failed to recognize that particular scenario!<br />
According to my client the issue was with a particular record not fetched using search functionality. When I found the pattern then, it was like search query fired with space followed by underscore would not fetch the correct results. I discussed my observation with developer and they informed that “technology” does not allow this kind of combination string in search query. It has technology limitations.<br />
If I would debate whether this is an issue or not, nobody wins, because you can’t deny the fact that end user might use this kind of query to search results and technology has no answer to it.<br />
<br />
The point is to convince the client that 100% testing or bug free software is marketing term, in reality this may not be possible. Quality of the product depends on designs, development, time, technology, testing and decisions made against the bugs.<br />
<br />
If tester can’t find bugs, it does not mean that there are no bugs or testers are not doing their job or being careless. What I would say is a skilled tester would help you to do good enough testing and help you to release good quality product.<br />
<br />
May be we can avoid this kind of situation by<br />
<br />
Educating client about testing completely is impossible.<br />
<br />
Educating client about time span given to the testing. If you think you may require more time then justify your need in appropriate way.<br />
<br />
Showing possible scenarios or combinations to the client with how much time it will take to do testing so they can understand the complexity involved in testing<br />
<br />
Ask questions to stakeholders with respect to understand end user expectations and usage of the software<br />
<br />
Keep note of every possible tests and your observations. Not everything can be written but definitely everything can be recorded in a tool called mind.<br />
<br />
Focus on non-reproducible bugs. Just don’t leave them because you are not able to reproduce.<br />
<br />
Catch hold of log files. If you can’t, ask involved stakeholders to provide it.<br />
<br />
Last thing – Never feel demoralized. Instead, learn from it and understand your stakeholder’s expectations and keep educating the client.</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-88679832239035336442013-09-03T17:02:00.001+05:302013-09-03T17:02:32.593+05:3040 Ways for your System problem before you assist an expert....<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #39434c; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 5px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
General problems</h2>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Be Google smart</b><br />Google can be a huge help when it comes to specific error codes and very detailed problems. It's less useful for "my PC is running slowly" queries. Include as much detail as you can, putting "+" before keywords that must be matched and "-" before keywords to exclude.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. System Restore</b><br />Windows' built-in roll-back feature will undo recent changes to the registry and hardware and software setup of your computer, without affecting your personal files and holiday photos. It's a good place to start if something has very recently gone wrong. You'll find System Restore via Control Panel.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Safe Mode</b><br />Tap F8 during boot-up to access the boot menu. Choose Safe Mode to launch a special stripped-down version of Windows that keeps drivers and background utilities to a minimum and looks like it's straight out of 1995. Safe Mode can be used to uninstall programs or devices, or run fixes, if you can't get into Windows normally.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Overheating</b><br />If your PC crashes at seemingly random times -- in other words, there's no particular software program or hardware device that prompts it -- it's possible that your computer or laptop is overheating. Invest in another fan or a laptop cooler if you think this may be the cause.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5. On-demand scans</b><br />A whole bundle of problems are caused by viruses and spyware, from slow performance to unexplained reboots. It goes without saying that you should keep your anti-virus and anti-spyware tools right up to date, but you might want to run an on-demand scanner as well to get another opinion --<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.safer-networking.org/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Spybot Search & Destroy</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/en-gb/default.aspx" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Microsoft's own Safety Scanner</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are two good choices that won't interfere with your existing security tools.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6. Background noise</b><br />Sluggish performance that degrades over time can be due to more and more programs deciding they'd like to run in the background. Open Task Manager (right-click on the taskbar) to see what's actually using up the RAM and CPU time on your PC -- if any of the entries under Processes and Services don't make much sense, run a quick Google search for details of what they are.</div>
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<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7. Selective startup</b><br />If you find any superfluous entries in Task Manager, chances are they're being launched with Windows. Scour the Startup folder on the Start menu to find and remove anything you don't really need all of the time. For more control over the Windows startup process, type "msconfig" into the Start menu search box and hit Enter -- the subsequent dialog lets you make detailed changes to which services and tools can launch automatically at the same time as the operating system.</div>
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<img alt="40 tips for fixing almost any PC problem: startup" src="http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/software/40-tips-for-fixing-almost-any-pc-problem/startup.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br /><div style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 440px;">
<b class="v1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; display: block; font-size: 0.867em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">You might be surprised at how many services start up with Windows.</b></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8. Restoring files</b><br />When Windows deletes a file, it doesn't move the 1s and 0s, it simply removes the references to them and marks the disk space as free. Unless you've overwritten the file with something else, you might be able to get it back --<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.piriform.com/recuva" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Recuva</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is one of the best and most straightforward free tools for the task.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">9. Windows won't start</b><br />Windows comes with various system recovery options (besides Safe Mode) that you can use if the operating system won't boot. Tap F8 when booting and choose 'Last Known Good Configuration' to revert back to the settings in place when Windows last launched. Another trick you can try is to unplug all non-essential peripherals -- sometimes a badly configured device will cause the startup process to hang.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10. Motherboard beeps</b><br />If your PC gets so far and no further, and you find it beeps at you and shuts down before Windows even starts loading, the problem is at a lower level. Motherboards will alert you to what's gone wrong by the number of beeps -- check the user manual to find out what they mean, or look for a digital copy on the manufacturer's website.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">11. No power</b><br />If the PC or laptop doesn't get going at all, either you're in the middle of a power cut, your power cable is faulty, or the power supply unit/battery is bust. See if you can source a cheap spare cable or battery first, as a PSU replacement will cost significantly more.</div>
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<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">12. Forums</b><br />If you do have to turn to the web, locate the developer or manufacturer's official support forums before you turn to Google. You may find there's a particular fix available or advice from other users. For smaller freeware programs, you may even find posts from the developer.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">13. Ask Microsoft</b><br />It turns out MIcrosoft does know a thing or two about their own systems -- it offers an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/fixit" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">automated Fixit tool</a>, which will try and detect what's going wrong and then do something about it.</div>
<div align="center" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<img alt="40 tips for fixing almost any PC problem: fixit" src="http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/software/40-tips-for-fixing-almost-any-pc-problem/fixit.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1px solid black; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br /><div style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 440px;">
<b class="v1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; display: block; font-size: 0.867em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Microsoft Fixit site offers a number of simple troubleshooting wizards.</b></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">14. Registry cleaning</b><br />The labyrinthine settings file that is the Windows registry can cause errors, program crashes and system restarts if something has gone wrong deep within it. There are plenty of third-party tools that will scan it for problems for you, though not all of them are trustworthy --<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.glarysoft.com/products/utilities/registry-repair/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Glary Registry Repair</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is one of the ones you can depend on (though as with any advanced tweaking tool, use at your own risk -- you do back up, right?).</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">15. Re-install Windows</b><br />This is the scorched earth policy -- but it's not as drastic as you might think. Many PCs and laptops come with recovery discs or a recovery partition on the hard drive that you can use to return your computer to the state it was in when it arrived from the factory. Of course, it goes without saying that you'll need to install your software again and you'll lose all your personal data, so you'll need copies of your important files (photos, university essays etc). This process is set to be made even easier in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://reviews.cnet.co.uk/software-and-web-apps/windows-8-review-50005313/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Windows 8</a>.</div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="hardware-problems" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"></a><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #39434c; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 5px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
Hardware problems</h2>
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<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">16. Test on another computer</b><br />Use another computer to test your malfunctioning mouse/camera/printer, or just another USB port, to help you work out where the fault lies. If the problem vanishes, it's not the device itself that's to blame.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17. New drivers</b><br />Head to the manufacturer's website and hunt down the latest drivers and/or firmware for your device -- installing these updates will replace damaged files, add the latest bug fixes and improve compatibility with other hardware and software.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">18. Old drivers</b><br />Windows and devices themselves sometimes install new drivers without asking and these occasionally cause problems. To roll back to a previous version, find the hardware in question in Device Manager, right-click and choose Properties and open the Driver tab.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">19. Uninstall drivers</b><br />Staying in Device Manager -- there's an Uninstall option that will remove all traces of the hardware in question from your system. Reboot and reattach the device to launch the installation process from scratch, which may resolve your issue.</div>
<div align="center" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<img alt="40 tips for fixing almost any PC problem: drivers" src="http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/software/40-tips-for-fixing-almost-any-pc-problem/drivers.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br /><div style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 440px;">
<b class="v1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; display: block; font-size: 0.867em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Update, roll back and uninstall drivers from Device Manager.</b></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">20. Test the memory</b><br />It's not easy to tell when your memory is failing you and it doesn't happen often -- intermittent system instability and software crashes are the usual signs. A decent memory diagnostics tester like<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.memtest.org/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">MemTest86+</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>can help by scanning the installed modules and alerting you to any potential issues.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">21. Test the hard drive</b><br />Modern hard drives have something known as SMART (Self Monitoring And Reporting Technology) built into them. It's a standardised technology the disks use to report their status and general health back to Windows. Plenty of free applications can read and report this SMART data --<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.panterasoft.com/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">HDD Health</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is one example, which also supports SSD drives -- and they will display warning signs if you need to buy a replacement drive in the near future.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">22. Windows disk checking</b><br />Windows has its own disk-checking tool that looks for problems on your installed hard drives -- right-click on a drive in Windows Explorer, choose Properties and then the Tools tab to find it.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">23. Screen issues</b><br />Problems with the display can be caused by the graphics card, the monitor itself or the connecting cable (if you're not using a laptop). Using a spare cable (if available) or switching to on-board graphics (again, if available) can help you work out exactly which link in the chain is the one going wrong. If your monitor or screen is found to be faulty, there's not much you can do except dig out the warranty or pay a visit to the local repair shop.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">24. Open her up</b><br />You don't have to be a PC-building expert to take a peek under the case -- just make sure you ground yourself to remove any static electricity first, and unplug the computer from the mains. Check for loose connections and screws or an excessive build-up of dust (a can of compressed air can help here). Laptops are less easy to poke around in, but some do allow access to the memory and hard drive, so you can check these connections. You may find more guidance from the manufacturer's website or the supplied documentation.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">25. Backup</b><br />Unfortunately, there are times when there's just nothing you can do, and you have to accept that your hard drive or power supply unit is kaput. It's vital that you have backups of your important files and folders, and there's no shortage of services willing to help out --<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en_US/drive/start/index.html?authuser=1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Google Drive</a>,<a href="https://login.live.com/login.srf?wa=wsignin1.0&rpsnv=11&ct=1347982657&rver=6.2.6289.0&wp=MBI_SSL_SHARED&wreply=https:%2F%2Fskydrive.live.com%2F&lc=2057&id=250206&mkt=en-GB&cbcxt=sky" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">SkyDrive</a>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Dropbox</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.backblaze.com/index-k.html?utm_expid=5089566-5&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D1%26ved%3D0CC8QFjAA%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.backblaze.com%252F%26ei%3Dc5VYUM7xDLGV0QX01oCoDw%26usg%3DAFQjCNGxMVtmUohU4ulNgxLQz2RZlGuhtA" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Backblaze</a>, to name just a few.</div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="software-problems" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"></a><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #39434c; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 5px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
Software problems</h2>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">26. Updates</b><br />Has the program you're struggling with made an update available? Perhaps to support new hardware or operating system features? It's worth checking via the developer's website or the built-in update tool that most software has, though the majority of updates now install automatically.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">27. Re-install</b><br />If problems persist, strip out all traces of the program in question using a third-party uninstaller --<a href="http://www.revouninstaller.com/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">Revo Uninstaller</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>will do the job for free -- then start the installation process again from scratch with a fresh download or the original discs. Why? It ensures any corrupt or damaged files are replaced and all of the software's settings are reset.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">28. Plug-ins</b><br />Bear in mind that the problem may not lie with the software itself but with one of the program's plug-ins or extensions -- try disabling these add-ons one by one to see if the issue is resolved.</div>
<div align="center" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<img alt="40 tips for fixing almost any PC problem: plugins" src="http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/software/40-tips-for-fixing-almost-any-pc-problem/plugins.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1px solid black; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br /><div style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 440px;">
<b class="v1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; display: block; font-size: 0.867em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Plug-ins and add-ons are at the root of a lot of software problems.</b></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">29. Clean up</b><br />Many applications will create caches of temporary files that can occasionally interfere with program behaviour -- look for an option that will wipe these files.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.piriform.com/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">CCleaner</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is a handy third-party freeware utility that cleans up temporary files for many different applications.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">30. Conflicting programs</b><br />Is the troublesome application having problems because of another program on the system? This can be particularly common with security tools that try and do the same thing at the same time. Try temporarily disabling other programs that might be causing interference.</div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="internet-problems" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"></a><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #39434c; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 5px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
Internet problems</h2>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">31. Find the fault</b><br />First step: find where the problem is. Check if you can connect to the web on other computers and devices. Ideally plug a laptop into the router directly and run the router's built-in testing diagnostics -- your ISP may be experiencing issues. If there's only one PC that can't get online, there's likely to be a problem with its network adaptor or settings.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">32. Adaptor problems</b><br />If you suspect the adaptor is to blame (a wireless USB dongle, for example), check the hardware tips above. Try updating the adaptor's driver, uninstalling and reinstalling, or simply plugging it in another USB port.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">33. Update firmware</b><br />It's possible there's a firmware update for the router that you're using, though some ISPs frown on users taking this much control over their network setup. The best place to start looking is the customer forums for your ISP, where you should find details of which free router you've been lumbered with and how you can update its firmware.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">34. Reboots all round</b><br />The reboot process is something of a troubleshooting cliche, but that's because it often works -- turn the router off for 30-60 seconds to re-establish the connection and reset the router. Reboot your PC for good measure to attempt to connect again.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">35. Change channels</b><br />Routers typically share the same frequency as other devices, like microwaves and baby monitors, which can slow down your connection -- either move other wireless devices away, or change the channel used by your router (see the router settings for help with doing this).</div>
<div align="center" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<img alt="40 tips for fixing almost any PC problem: channels" src="http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/software/40-tips-for-fixing-almost-any-pc-problem/channel.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1px solid black; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br /><div style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 440px;">
<b class="v1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; display: block; font-size: 0.867em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Switching to a different router channel could fix slow broadband speeds.</b></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">36. Is it down?</b><br />If you're having issues with a particular site, look it up on<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.downforeveryoneorjustme.com/" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #2964bf; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="" title="">www.downforeveryoneorjustme.com</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>-- the problem may not be at your end. Note that if something large scale suffers a failure -- like Amazon's S3 storage -- it can affect many different sites and services at once.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">37. Network management</b><br />Delve into the Network and Sharing Centre in Windows to make sure there aren't multiple programs trying to manage your wireless connection. Laptop manufacturers will often bundle their own network management software with their machines, which is fine as long as these applications aren't trying to work concurrently with Windows' own utilities.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">38. Browser woes</b><br />Switching to an alternative browser is a simple way to test if your Internet-related problems are being caused by your favourite browser. If the browser is to blame, try some of the software tips I mentioned earlier, and take a long hard look at the plug-ins and extensions.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">39. Firewall settings</b><br />Firewalls can be temperamental and might be blocking the site, service or program you're trying to use. Consult the incoming and outgoing settings when you've found them (if you're using the Windows Firewall, head to Control Panel). If you're struggling to get online with a particular game or networking tool, you might find instructions for allowing firewall access in the supplied documentation.</div>
<div align="center" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<img alt="40 tips for fixing almost any PC problem: firewall" src="http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/software/40-tips-for-fixing-almost-any-pc-problem/firewall.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br /><div style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 440px;">
<b class="v1" style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; display: block; font-size: 0.867em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Some networking tools and games will need special firewall permissions.</b></div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">40. View connections</b><br />Head into the Network and Sharing Centre to make sure your PC is trying to connect using the right connection (wireless versus wired, for example). While all of this should configure itself automatically, rogue programs or security tools can make changes they shouldn't. There are also some troubleshooters built into the Network and Sharing Centre, which are surprisingly useful.</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-48059470178900185842012-08-25T12:28:00.000+05:302012-08-29T17:15:08.023+05:30Risk Based Testing, Strategies for Prioritizing Tests against Deadlines<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Often all other activities before test execution are delayed. This
means testing has to be done under severe pressure. It is out of
question to quit the job, nor to delay delivery or to test badly. The
real answer is a prioritization strategy in order to do the best
possible job with limited resources.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Which part of the systems
requires most attention? There is no unique answer, and decisions about
what to test have to be risk-based. There is a relationship between the
resources used in testing and the risk after testing. There are
possibilities for stepwise release. The general strategy is to test some
important functions and features that hopefully can be released, while
delaying others.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
First, one has to test what is most important in
the application. This can be determined by looking at visibility of
functions, at frequency of use and at the possible cost of failure.
Second, one has to test where the probability of failure is high, i.e.
one may find most trouble. This can be determined by identifying
especially defect-prone areas in the product. Project history gives some
indication, and product measures like complexity give more. Using both,
one finds a list of areas to test more or less.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
After test
execution has started and one has found some defects, these defects may
be a basis for re-focussing testing. Defects clump together in
defect-prone areas. Defects are a symptom of typical trouble the
developers had. Thus, a defect leads to the conclusion that there are
more defects nearby, and that there are more defects of the same kind.
Thus, during the latter part of test execution, one should focus on
areas where defects have been found, and one should generate more tests
aimed at the type of defect detected before.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<u>Disclaimer</u>:
The ideas in this paper are not verified for use with safety critical
software. Some of the ideas may be useful in that area, but due
consideration is necessary. The presented ideas mean that the tester is
taking risks, and the risks may or may not materialize in the form of
serious failures.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Introduction</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The scenario is as
follows: You are the test manager. You made a plan and a budget for
testing. Your plans were, as far as you know, reasonable and well
founded. When the time to execute the tests approaches, the product is
not ready, some of your testers are not available, or the budget is just
cut. You can argue against these cuts and argue for more time or
whatever, but that doesn’t always help. You have to do what you can with
a smaller budget and time frame. Resigning is no issue. You have to
test the product as well as possible, and you have to make it works
reasonably well after release. How to survive?</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
There are several
approaches, using different techniques and attacking different aspects
of the testing process. All of them aim at finding as many defects as
possible, and as serious defects as possible, before product release.
Different chapters of this paper show the idea. At the end of the paper,
some ideas are given that should help to prevent the pressured scenario
mentioned before.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
In this paper we are talking about the higher
levels of testing: integration, system and acceptance test. We assume
that developers have done some basic level of testing of every program
(unit testing). We also assume the programs and their designs have been
reviewed in some way. Still, most of the ideas in this paper are
applicable if nothing has been done before you take over as the test
manager. It is, however, easier if you know some facts from earlier
quality control activities such as design and code reviews and unit
testing.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>1. The bad game</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
You are in a bad game with a
high probability of loosing: You will loose the game any way, by bad
testing, or by requiring more time to test. After doing bad testing you
will be the scapegoat for lack of quality. After reasonable testing you
will be the guilty in late release. A good scenario illustrating the
trouble is the Y2K project. Testing may have been done in the last
minute, and the deadline was fixed. In most cases, trouble was found
during design or testing and system owners were glad that problems were
found. In most cases, nothing bad happened after January 1<sup>st</sup>,
2000. In many cases, managers then decided there had been wasted
resources for testing. But there are options. During this paper I will
use Y2K examples to illustrate the major points.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>How to get out of the game?</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
You
need some creative solution, namely you have to change the game. You
need to inform management about the impossible task you have, in such a
way that they understand. You need to present alternatives. They need a
product going out of the door, but they also need to understand the
RISK.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
One strategy is to find the right quality level. Not all
products need to be free of defects. Not every function needs to work.
Sometimes, you have options to do a lot about lowering product quality.
This means you can cut down testing in less important areas.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Another strategy is priority: Test should find the <i>most important defects</i>
first. Most important means often "in the most important functions".
These functions can be found by analyzing how every function supports
the mission, and checking which functions are critical and which are
not. You can also test more where you expect more defects. Finding the
worst areas in the product soon and testing them more will help you find
more defects. If you find too many serious problems, management will
often be motivated to postpone the release or give you more time and
resources. Most of this paper will be about a combination of most
important and worst areas priority.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
A third strategy is making
testing cheaper in general. One major issue here is automation of test
execution. But be cautious: Automation can be expensive, especially if
you have never done it before or if you do it wrong! However,
experienced companies are able to automate test execution with no
overhead compared to manual testing.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
A fourth strategy is getting
someone else to pay. Typically, this someone else is the customer. You
release a lousy product and the customer finds the defects for you. Many
companies have applied this. For the customer this game is horrible, as
he has no alternative. But it remains to be discussed if this is a good
strategy for long term success. So this "someone else" should be the
developers, not the testers. You may require the product to fulfill
certain entry criteria before you test. Entry criteria can include
certain reviews having been done, a minimum level of test coverage in
unit testing, and a certain level of reliability. The problem is: you
need to have high-level support in order to be able to enforce this.
Entry criteria tend to be skipped if the project gets under pressure and
organizational maturity is low.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The last strategy is prevention,
but that only pays off in the next project, when you, as the test
manager, are involved from the project start on.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>2. Understanding necessary quality levels</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Software is embedded in the larger, more complex business world. Quality must be considered in that context (8).</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
relentless pursuit of quality can dramatically improve the technical
characteristics of a software product. In some applications - medical
instruments, railway-signaling applications, air-navigation systems,
industrial automation, and many defense-related systems - the need to
provide a certain level of quality is beyond debate. But is quality
really the only or most important framework for strategic decision
making in the commercial marketplace?</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Quality thinking fails to
address many of the fundamental issues that most affect a company's
long-term competitive and financial performance. The real issue is which
quality will produce the best financial performance.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
You have to
be sure which qualities and functions are important. Fewer defects do
not always mean more profit! You have to research how quality and
financial performance interact. Examples of such approaches include the
concept of Return on Quality (ROQ) used in corporations such as AT&T
(9). ROQ evaluates prospective quality improvements against their
ability to also improve financial performance. Be also aware of
approaches like Value Based Management. Avoid to fanatically pursuing
quality for its own sake.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Thus, more testing is not always needed to ensure product success!</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Example
from the Y2K problem: It may be acceptable that a product fails to work
on February 29, 2000. It may also be acceptable that it sorts records
wrong if they are blended with 19xx and 20xx dates. But it may be of
immense importance that the product can record and process orders after 1
Jan 2000.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>3. Priority in testing most important and worst parts of the product.</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Risk
is the product of damage and probability for damage to occur. The way
to assess risk is outlined in figure 1 below. Risk analysis assesses
damage during use, usage frequency, and determines probability of
failure by looking at defect introduction.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<img border="0" height="239" src="http://www.methodsandtools.com/archive/risktest1.gif" width="500" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Figure 1: Risk definition and structure</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Testing
is always a sample. You can never test everything, and you can always
find more to test. Thus you will always need to make decisions about
what to test and what not to test, what to do more or less. The general
goal is to find the worst defects first, the ones that NEED TO BE FIXED
BEFORE RELEASE, and to find as many such defects as possible.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
This
means the defects must be important. The problem with most systematic
test methods, like white box testing, or black box methods like
equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis or cause-effect
graphing, is that they generate too many test cases, some of which are
less important (17). A way to lessen the test load is finding the most
important functional areas and product properties. Finding as many
defects as possible can be improved by testing more in bad areas of the
product. This means you need to know where to expect more defects.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
When
dealing with all the factors we look at, the result will always be a
list of functions and properties with an associated importance. In order
to make the final analysis as easy as possible, we express all the
factors in a scale from 1 to 5. Five points are given for "most
important" or "worst", or generally for something having higher risk,
which we want to test more, 1 points is given to less important areas.
(Other publications often use weights 1 through 3).</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The details of the computation are given later.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>3.1. Determining damage: What is important?</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
You
need to know the possible damage resulting from an area to be tested.
This means analyzing the most important areas of the product. In this
section, a way to prioritize this is described. The ideas presented here
are not the only valid ones. In every product, there may be other
factors playing a role, but the factors given here have been valuable in
several projects.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Important areas can either be functions or
functional groups, or properties such as performance, capacity, security
etc. The result of this analysis is a list of functions and properties
or combination of both that need attention. I am concentrating here on
sorting <i>functions</i> into more or less important areas. The approach, however, is flexible and can accommodate other items.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Major factors include:</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Critical areas (cost and consequences of failure)</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
You
have to analyze the use of the software within its overall environment.
Analyze the ways the software may fail. Find the possible
consequences of such failure modes, or at least the worst ones. Take
into account redundancy, backup facilities and possible manual check of
software output by users, operators or analysts. Software that is
directly coupled to a process it controls is more critical than
software whose output is manually reviewed before use. If software
controls a process, this process itself should be analyzed. The
inertia and stability of the process itself may make certain failures
less interesting.<br />
Example: The subscriber information system for a
Telecom operator may uncouple subscriber lines - for instance if
31-12-99 is used as «indefinite» value for the subscription end date.
This is a critical failure. On the other hand, in a report, the year
number may be displayed as blanks if it is in 2000, which is a minor
nuisance.<br />
Output that is immediately needed during working hours
is more critical than output that could be sent hours or days later.
On the other hand, if large volumes of data to be sent by mail are
wrong, just the cost of re-mailing may be horrible. The damage may be
classified into the classes mentioned down below, or quantified into
money value, whatever seems better. In systems with large variation of
damage it is better to use damage as absolute money value, and not
classify it into groups.<br />
A possible hierarchy for grouping damage is the following:<br />
<b>A failure would be catastrophic (3)</b><br />
The
problem would cause the computer to stop, maybe even lead to crashes
in the environment (stop the whole country or business or product).
Such failures may deal with large financial losses or even damage to
human life. An example would be the gross uncoupling of all
subscribers to the telephone network on a special date.<br />
Failures
leading to loosing the license, i.e. authorities closing down the
business, are part of this class. Serious legal consequences may also
belong here.<br />
The last kind of catastrophic failures is endangering the life of people.<br />
<b>A failure would be damaging (2)</b><br />
The
program may not stop, but data may be lost or corrupted, or
functionality may be lost until the program or computer is restarted.
An example is equipment that will not work just around midnight on 31
December.<br />
<b>A failure would be hindering (1)</b><br />
<b> </b>The user is forced to workarounds, to more difficult actions to reach the same results.<br />
<b>A failure would be annoying (0)</b><br />
<b> </b>The
problem does not affect functionality, but rather make the product
less appealing to the user or customer. However, the customer can live
with the problem.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Visible areas</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
The
visible areas are areas where many users will experience a failure,
if something goes wrong. Users do not only include the operators
sitting at a terminal, but also final users looking at reports,
invoices, or the like, or dependent on the service delivered by the
product which includes the software. A factor to take into account
under this heading is also the forgivingness of the users, i.e. their
tolerance against any problem. It relates to the importance of
different qualities, see above.</blockquote>
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Software
intended for untrained or naive users, especially software intended
for use by the general public, needs careful attention to the user
interface. Robustness will also be a major concern. Software which
directly interacts with hardware, industrial processes, networks etc.
will be vulnerable to external effects like hardware failure, noisy
data, timing problems etc. This kind of software needs thorough
validation, verification and retesting in case of environment changes.<br />
An
example for a visible area is the functionality in a phone switch,
which makes it possible to make a call. Less visible areas are all the
value-added services like call transfer.<br />
One factor in visibility
is possible loss of faith by customers. I.e. longer-term damage which
would means longer-term loss of business because customers may avoid
products from the company.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Usage frequency</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </u><br />
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<u> </u>Damage is dependent on how often a function or feature is used.<br />
Some
functions may be used every day, other functions only a few times. Some
functions may be used by many, some by few users. Give priority to the
functions used often and heavily. The number of transactions per day may
be an idea helping in finding priorities.<br />
A possibility to leave
out some areas is to cut out functionality that is going to be used
seldom, i.e. will only be used once per quarter, half-year or year. Such
functionality may be tested after release, before its first use. A
possible strategy for Y2K testing was to test leap year functionality in
January and February 2000, and then again during December 2000 and in
2004.<br />
Sometimes this analysis is not quite obvious. In process
control systems, for example, certain functionality may be invisible
from the outside. In modern object oriented systems, there may be a lot
of central libraries used everywhere. It may be helpful to analyze the
design of the complete system.<br />
A possible hierarchy is outlined here (from (3)):<br />
<b>Unavoidable (3)</b><br />
An
area of the product that most users will come in contact with during an
average usage session (e.g. startups, printing, saving).<br />
<b>Frequent (2)</b><br />
An area of the product that most users will come in contact with eventually, but maybe not during every usage session.<br />
<b>Occasional (1)</b><br />
An
area of the product that an average user may never visit, but that
deals with functions a more serious or experienced user will need
occasionally.<br />
<b>Rare (0)</b><br />
An area of the product which
most users never will visit, which is visited only if users do very
uncommon steps of action. Critical failures, however, are still of
interest.</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
An alternative method to use for picking important requirements is described in (1).</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Importance
can be classified by using a scale from one to five. However, in some
cases this does not sufficiently map the variation of the scale in
reality. Then, it is better to use real values, like the cost of damage
and the actual usage frequency.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>3.2. Failure probability: What is (presumably) worst</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
worst areas are the ones having most defects. The task is to predict
where most defects are located. This is done by analyzing probable
defect generators. In this section, some of the most important defect
generators and symptoms for defect prone areas are presented. There
exist many more, and you have to always include local factors in
addition to the ones mentioned here.</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Complex areas</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Complexity
is maybe the most important defect generator. More than 200 different
complexity measures exist, and research into the relation of
complexity and defect frequency has been done for more than 20 years.
However, no predictive measures have until now been generally
validated. Still, most complexity measures may indicate problematic
areas. Examples include long modules, many variables in use, complex
logic, complex control structure, a large data flow, central placement
of functions, a deep inheritance tree, and even subjective complexity
as understood by the designers. This means you may do several
complexity analyses, based on different aspects of complexity and find
different areas of the product that might have problems.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Changed areas</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Change
is an important defect generator (13). One reason is that changes are
subjectively understood as easy, and thus not analyzed thoroughly for
their impact. Another reason is that changes are done under time
pressure and analysis is not completely done. The result is
side-effects. Advocates for modern system design methods, like the
Cleanroom process, state that debugging during unit test is more
detrimental than good to quality, because the changes introduce more
defects than they repair.<br />
In general, there should exist a
protocol of changes done. This is part of the configuration management
system (if something like that exists). You may sort the changes by
functional area or otherwise and find the areas which have had
exceptionally many changes. These may either have a bad design from
before, or have a bad design after the original design has been
destroyed by the many changes.<br />
Many changes are also a symptom of
badly done analysis (5). Thus, heavily changed areas may not
correspond to user expectations.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Impact of new technology, solutions, methods</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Programmers
using new tools, methods and technology experience a learning curve.
In the beginning, they may generate many more faults than later. Tools
include CASE tools, which may be new in the company, or new in the
market and more or less unstable. Another issue is the programming
language, which may be new to the programmers, or Graphical User
Interface libraries. Any new tool or technique may give trouble. A good
example is the first project with a new type of user interface. The
general functionality may work well, but the user interface subsystem
may be full of trouble.<br />
Another factor to consider is the
maturity of methods and models. Maturity means the strength of the
theoretical basis or the empirical evidence. If software uses
established methods, like finite state machines, grammars, relational
data models, and the problem to be solved may be expressed suitably by
such models, the software can be expected to be quite reliable. On
the other hand, if methods or models of a new and unproven kind, or
near the state of the art are used, the software may be more
unreliable.<br />
Most software cost models include factors
accommodating the experience of programmers with the methods, tools and
technology. This is as important in test planning, as it is in cost
estimation.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Impact of the number of people involved</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
The
idea here is the thousand monkeys' syndrome. The more people are
involved in a task, the larger is the overhead for communication and
the chance that things go wrong. A small group of highly skilled staff
is much more productive than a large group of average qualification.
In the COCOMO (10) software cost model, this is the largest factor
after software size. Much of its impact can be explained from effort
going into detecting and fixing defects.</blockquote>
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Areas where relatively many and less qualified people have been employed, may be pointed out for better testing.<br />
Care
should be taken in that analysis: Some companies (11) employ their
best people in more complex areas, and less qualified people in easy
areas. Then, defect density may not reflect the number of people or
their qualification.<br />
A typical case is the program developed by
lots of hired-in consultants without thorough follow-up. They may work
in very different ways. During testing, it may be found that everyone
has used a different date format, or a different time window.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Impact of turnover</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
If
people quit the job, new people have to learn the design constraints
before they are able to continue that job. As not everything may be
documented, some constraints may be hidden for the new person, and
defects result. Overlap between people may also be less than
desirable. In general, areas with turnover will experience more defects
than areas where the same group of people has done the whole job.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Impact of time pressure</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Time
pressure leads to people making short-cuts. People concentrate on
getting the job done, and they often try to skip quality control
activities, thinking optimistically that everything will go fine. Only
in mature organizations, this optimism seems to be controlled.<br />
Time
pressure may also lead to overtime work. It is well known, however,
that people loose concentration after prolonged periods of work. This
may lead to more. Together with short-cuts in applying reviews and
inspections, this may lead to extreme levels of defects density.<br />
Data
about time pressure during development can best be found by studying
time lists, project meeting minutes, or by interviewing management or
programmers.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Areas which needed optimizing</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
The
COCOMO cost model mentions shortage of machine and network capacity
and memory as one of its cost drivers. The problem is that
optimization needs extra design effort, or that it may be done by
using less robust design methods. Extra design effort may take resources
away from defect removal activities, and less robust design methods
may generate more defects.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Areas with many defects before</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Defect
repair leads to changes which lead to new defects, and defect prone
areas tend to persist. Experience exists that defect prone areas in a
delivered system can be traced back to defect prone areas in reviews
and unit and subsystem testing. Evidence in studies (5) and (7) shows
that modules that had faults in the past are likely to have faults in
the future. If defect statistics from design and code reviews, and unit
and subsystem testing exist, then priorities can be chosen for later
test phases.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Geographical distribution</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </u><br />
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<u> </u>If
people working together on a project are not co-located, communication
will be worse. This is true even on a local level. Here are some ideas
which haven proven to be valuable in assessing if geography may have a
detrimental effect on a project:<br />
<ul>
<li>People having their offices
in different floors of the same building will not communicate as
much as people on the same floor.</li>
<li>People sitting more than 25 meters apart may not communicate enough.</li>
<li>A
common area in the workspace, such as a common printer or coffee
machine improves communication. People sitting in different buildings
do not communicate as much as people in the same building. People
sitting in different labs communicate less than people in the same
lab. People from different countries may have difficulties, both
culturally and with the language. If people reside in different time
zones, communication will be more difficult. This is a problem in
outsourcing software development.</li>
</ul>
In principle, geographical distribution is not dangerous. The danger arises if people with a large distance <i>have to</i>
communicate, for example, if they work with a common part of the
system. You have to look for areas where the software structure implies
the need for good communication between people, but where these people
have geography against them.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>History of prior use</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </u><br />
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<u> </u>If
many users have used software before, an active user group can be
helpful in testing new versions. Beta testing may be possible. For a
completely new system, a user group may need to be defined, and
prototyping may be applied. Typically, completely new functional areas
are most defect-prone because even the requirements are unknown.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Local factors</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
Examples
include looking at who did the job, looking at who does not
communicate well with someone else, who is new in the project, which
department has recently been reorganized, which managers are in
conflict with each other, the involvement of prestige and many more
factors. Only fantasy sets boundaries. The message is: You have to
look out for possible local factors outside the factors having been
discussed here.</blockquote>
</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>One general factor to be considered in general</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
This
paper is about high level testing. Developers test before this. It is
reasonable to have a look at how developers have tested the software
before, and what kind of problems they typically overlook. Analyze the
unit test quality. This may lead to a further tailoring of the test
case selection methods (17).</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Looking at these
factors will determine the fault density of the areas to be tested.
However, using only this will normally over-value some areas. Typically,
larger components will be tested too much. Thus, a correction factor
should be applied: Functional size of the area to be tested. I.e. the
total weight of this area will be "fault proneness / functional volume".
This factor can be found from function point analysis early, or from
counting code lines if that is available.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<img border="0" height="326" src="http://www.methodsandtools.com/archive/risktest2.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Figure 2: Failure Probability</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>What to do if you do not know anything about the project, if all the defect generators can not be applied?</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
You
have to run a test. A first rough test should find defect prone areas,
the next test will then concentrate on them. The first test should cover
the whole system, but be very shallow. It should only cover typical
business scenarios and a few important failure situations, but cover all
of the system. You can then find where there was most trouble, and give
priority to these areas in the next round of testing. The next round
will then do deep and through testing of prioritized areas.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
This
two-phase approach can always be applied, in addition to the planning
and prioritizing done before testing. Chapter 4 explains more of this.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>3.3. How to calculate priority of test areas</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
general method is to assign weights, and to calculate a weighted sum
for every area of the system. Test where the result is highest!</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
For
every factor chosen, assign a relative weight. You can do this in very
elaborate ways, but this will take a lot of time. Most often, three
weights are good enough. Values may be 1, 3, and 10. (1 for "factor is
not very important", 3 for "factor has normal influence", 10 for "factor
that has very strong influence").</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
For every factor chosen, you
assign a number of points to every product requirement (every function,
functional area, or quality characteristic. The more important the
requirement is, or the more alarming a defect generator seems to be for
the area, the more points. A scale from 1 to 3 or 5 is normally good
enough. Assigning the points is done intuitively.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The number of
points for a factor is then multiplied by its weight. This gives a
weighted number of points between 1 and 50. These weighted numbers are
then summed up for damage (impact) and for probability of errors, and
finally multiplied. As many intuitive mappings from reality for points
seem to involve a logarithmic scale, where points follow about a
multiplier of 10, the associated risk calculation should ADD the
calculated weighted sums for probability and damage. If most factors’
points inherently follow a linear scale, the risk calculation should
MULTIPLY the probability and damage points. The user of this method
should check how they use the method! Testing can then be planned by
assigning most tests to the areas with the highest number of points.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
An example (functional volume being equal for the different areas):</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 550px;"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><b>Area to test</b></td><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><b>Business criticality</b></td><td valign="TOP" width="15%"><b>Visibility</b></td><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><b>Complexity</b></td><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><b>Change frequency</b></td><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><b>RISK</b></td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><b>Weight</b></td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">3</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">10</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">3</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">3</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%"><br /></td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Order registration</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">2</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">4</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">5</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">46*18</td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Invoicing</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">4</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">5</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">4</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">2</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">62*18</td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Order statistics</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">2</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">3</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">3</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">16*18</td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Management reporting</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">2</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">2</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">4</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">16*18</td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Performance of order registration</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">5</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">4</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">55*6</td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Performance of statistics</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">13*6</td> </tr>
<tr><td valign="TOP" width="17%">Performance of invoicing</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">4</td><td valign="TOP" width="15%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">1</td><td valign="TOP" width="17%">22*6</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
table suggests that function «invoicing» is most important to test,
«order registration» and performance of order registration. The factor
which has been chosen as the most important is visibility.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Computation
is easy, as it can be programmed using a spreadsheet. A more detailed
case study is published in (4). A spreadsheet is on <a href="http://home.c2i.net/schaefer/testing/riskcalc.hqx">http://home.c2i.net/schaefer/testing/riskcalc.hqx</a> (Binhex file, save to disk, decompress, open with Excel)</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
A
word of caution: The assignment of points is intuitive and may be
wrong. Thus, the number of points can only be a rough guideline. It
should be good enough to distinguish the high-risk areas from the medium
and low risk areas. That is its main task. This also means you don't
need to be more precise than needed for just this purpose. If more
precise test prioritization is necessary, a more quantified approach
should be used wherever possible. Especially the possible damage should
be used as is, with its absolute values and not a translation to points.
An approach is described in (18).</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>4. Making testing more effective</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
More effective test means to find more and more important defects in the same amount of time.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The strategy to achieve this is to learn from experience and adapt testing.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
First, the whole test should be broken into four phases:</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>test preparation</li>
<li>pre-test</li>
<li>main test</li>
<li>after-test.</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Test preparation</b>
sets up areas to test, the test cases, test programs, databases and the
whole test environment. Especially setting up the test environment can
give a lot of trouble and delay. It is generally easy to install the
program itself and the correct operating system and database system.
Problems often occur with the middleware, i.e. the connection between
software running on a client, and software running on different servers.
Care should be taken to thoroughly specify all aspects of the test
environment, and dry runs should be held, in order to ensure that the
test can be run when it is time to do it. In a Y2K project, care was
taken to ensure that licenses were in place for machine dates after
1999, and the licenses allowed resetting of the machine date. Another
area to focus is that included software was Y2K compliant.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The <b>pre-test</b>
is run after the software under test is installed in the test lab. This
test contains just a few test cases running typical day to day usage
scenarios. The goal is to test if the software is ready for testing at
all, or totally unreliable or incompletely installed. Another goal may
be to find some initial quality data, i.e. find some defect prone areas
to focus the further test on.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The <b>main test</b> consists of all
the pre-planned test cases. They are run, failures are recorded,
defects found and repaired, and new installations of the software made
in the test lab. Every new installation may include a new pre-test. The
main test takes most of the time during a test execution project.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The <b>after-test</b>
starts with every new release of the software. This is the phase where
optimization should occur. Part of the after-test is regression testing,
in order to find possible side-effects of defect repair. But the main
part is a shift of focus.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The type of defects may be analyzed. A
possible classification is described in (14). In principle, every defect
is a symptom of a weakness of some designer, and it should be used to
actively search for more defects of the same kind.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Example: In a
Y2K project, it was found that sometimes programs would display blank
instead of zeroes in the year field in year 2000. A scan for the
corresponding wrong code through many other programs produced many more
instances of the same problem.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Another approach is to concentrate
more tests on the more common kinds of defects, as these might be more
common in the code. The problem is, however, that such defects might
already have been found because the test was designed to find more of
this kind of defects. Careful analysis is needed. Generally, apply the
abstractions of every defect found as a checklist to more testing or
analysis.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The location of defects may also be used to focus
testing. If an area of code has especially many failures, that area
should be a candidate for even more testing (7, 13). But during the
analysis, care should be taken to ensure that a high level of defects in
an area is not caused by an especially high-test coverage in that area.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>5. Making testing cheaper</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
A
viable strategy for cutting budgets and time usage is to do the work in
a more productive and efficient way. This normally involves applying
technology. In software, not only technology, but also personnel
qualifications seem to be ways to improve efficiency and cut costs. This
also applies in testing.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Automation</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
There exist many
test automation tools. Tools catalogues list more tools for every new
edition, and the existing tools are more and more powerful while not
costing more (12). Automation can probably do most in the area of test
running and regression testing. Experience has shown that more test
cases can be run for much less money, often less than a third of the
resources spent for manual testing. In addition, automated tests often
find more defects. This is fine for software quality, but may hit the
testers, as the defect repair will delay the project... Still, such
tools are not very popular, because they require an investment into
training, learning and building an infrastructure at start. Sometimes a
lot of money is spent in fighting with the tool. For the productivity
improvement, nothing general can be said, as the application of such
tools is too dependent on platforms, people and organization. Anecdotal
evidence prevails, and for some projects automation has had a great
effect.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
An area where test is nearly impossible without automation
is stress, volume and performance testing. Here, the question is either
to do it automatically or not to do it at all.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Test management
can also be improved considerably using tools for tracking test cases,
functions, defects and their repairs. Such tools are now more and more
often coupled to test running automation tools.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
In general,
automation is interesting for cutting testing budgets. You should,
however, make sure you are organized, and you should keep the cost for
startup and tool evaluation outside your project. Tools help only if you
have a group of people who already know how to use them effectively and
efficiently. To bring in tools in the last moment has a low potential
to pay off, and can do more harm than good.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>The people factor - Few and good people against many who don’t know</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
largest obstacle to an adequate testing staff is ignorance on the part
of management. Some of them believe that "development requires
brilliance, but anybody can be a tester."</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Testing requires skill
and knowledge. Without application knowledge your testers do not know
what to look after. You get shallow test cases which do not find
defects. Without knowledge about common errors the testers do not know
how to make good test cases. Good test cases, i.e. test cases that have a
high probability of finding errors, if there are errors, are also
called «destructive test cases». Again, they do not find defects.
Without experience in applying test methods people will use a lot of
unnecessary time to work out all the details in a test plan.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
If
testing has to be cheap, the best is to get a few highly experienced
specialists to collect the test candidates, and have highly skilled
testers to improvise the test instead of working it out on paper.
Skilled people will be able to work from a checklist, and pick
equivalence classes, boundary values, and destructive combinations by
improvisation. Non-skilled people will produce a lot of paper before
having an even less destructive test. A method for this is called
"exploratory testing".</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The test people must be at least equally
smart, equally good designers and have equal understanding of the
functionality of the system. One could let the Function Design Team
Leader become the System Test Team Leader as soon as functional design
is complete. Pre-sales, Documentation, Training, Product Marketing
and/or Customer Support personnel should also be included in the test
team. This provides early knowledge transfer (a win-win for both
development and the other organization) and more resources than there
exist full-time. Test execution requires lots of bodies that don't need
to be there all of the time, but need to have a critical and informed
eye on the software. You probably also need full-time testers, but not
as many as you would use in the peak testing period. Full-time test team
members are good for test design and execution, but also for building
or implementing testing tools and infrastructure during less busy times.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
If
an improvised test has to be repeated, there is a problem. But modern
test automation tools can be run in a capture mode, and the captured
test may later be edited for documentation and rerunning purposes.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The message is: get highly qualified people for your test team!</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>6. Cutting testing work</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Another way of cutting costs is to get rid of part of the task. Get someone else to pay for it or cut it out completely!</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Who pays for unit testing?</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Often,
unit testing is done by the programmers and never turns up in any
official testing budget. The problem is that unit testing is often not
really done. Test coverage tool vendors often report that without their
tools, 40 - 50% of the code are never unit tested. Many defects then
survive until the later test phases. This means later test phases have
to test better, and they are overloaded and delayed by finding all the
defects which could have been found earlier.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
As a test manager,
you should require higher standards for unit testing! This is inline
with modern "agile" approaches to software development. Unit tests
should be automated as well and rerun every time units are changed or
integrated.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>What about test entry criteria?</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
idea is the same as in contracts with external customers: If the
supplier does not meet the contract, the supplier gets no acceptance and
no money. Problems occur when there is only one supplier and when there
is no tradition in requiring quality. Both conditions are true in
software. But entry criteria can be applied if the test group is strong
enough. Criteria include many, from the most trivial to advanced. Here
is a small collection of what makes the life in testing easier:</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>The system delivered to integration or system test is complete</li>
<li>It has been run through static analysis and defects are fixed</li>
<li>A code review has been done and defects have been corrected</li>
<li>Unit testing has been done to the accepted standards (near 100% statement coverage, for example)</li>
<li>Any required documentation is delivered and is of a certain quality</li>
<li>The units compile and can be installed without trouble</li>
<li>The units should have passed some functional test cases (smoke test).</li>
<li>Really bad units are sorted out and have been subjected to special treatment like extra reviews, reprogramming etc.</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
You
will not be allowed to require all these criteria. You will maybe not
be allowed to enforce them. But you may turn projects into a better
state over time by applying entry criteria. If every unit is reviewed,
statically analyzed and unit tested, you will have a lot less problems
to fight with later.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Less documentation</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
If a test is
designed "by the book", it will take a lot of work to document. Not all
this is needed. Tests may be coded in a high level language and may be
self-documenting. A test log made by a test automation tool may do the
service. Qualified people may be able to make a good test from
checklists, and even repeat it. Check out exactly which documentation
you will need, and prepare no more. Most important is a test plan with a
description of what is critical to test, and a test summary report
describing what has been done and the risk of installation.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Cutting installation cost - strategies for defect repair</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Every
defect delays testing and requires an extra cost. You have to rerun the
actual test case, try to reproduce the defect, document as much as you
can, probably help the designers debugging, and at the end install a new
version and retest it. This extra cost is impossible to control for a
test manager, as it is completely dependent on system quality. The cost
is normally not budgeted for either. Still, this cost will occur. Here
is some advice about how to keep it low.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>When to correct a defect, when not?</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Every
installation of a defect fix means disruption: Installing a new
version, initializing it, retesting the fix, and retesting the whole.
The tasks can be minimized by installing many fixes at once. This means
you have to wait for defect fixes. On the other hand, if defect fixes
themselves are wrong, this strategy leads to more work in debugging the
new version. The fault is not that easy to find. There will be an
optimum, dependent on system size, the probability to introduce new
defects, and the cost of installation. For a good description of
practical test exit criteria, see (2). Here are some rules for
optimizing the defect repair work:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<blockquote>
Rule 1: Repair only important defects!<br />
Rule 2: Change requests and small defects should be assigned to the next release!<br />
Rule 3: Correct defects in groups! Normally only after blocking failures are found.<br />
Rule 4: Use an automated "smoke test" to test any corrections immediately.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>7. Strategies for prevention</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The
starting scenario for this paper is the situation where everything is
late and where no professional budgeting has been done. In most
organization, there exist no experience data and there exists no serious
attempt to really estimate costs for development, testing, and error
cost in maintenance. Without experience data there is no way to argue
about the costs of reducing a test.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
The imperatives are:</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>You need a cost accounting scheme</li>
<li>You need to apply cost estimation based on experience and models</li>
<li>You need to know how test quality and maintenance trouble interact</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Measure:</div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li>Size of project in lines of code, function points etc.</li>
<li>Percentage of work used in management, development, reviews, test preparation, test execution, and rework</li>
<li>Amount of rework during first three or six months after release</li>
<li>Fault distribution, especially causes of user detected problems.</li>
<li>Argue for testing resources by weighting possible reductions in rework before and after delivery against added testing cost.</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Papers
showing how such cost and benefit analysis can be done, using
retrospective analysis, have been published in several ESSI projects run
by Otto Vinter from Bruel&Kjær (6). A different way to prevent
trouble is incremental delivery. The general idea is to break up the
system into many small releases. The first delivery to the customer is
the least commercially acceptable system, namely, a system which does
exactly what the old one did, only with new technology. From the test of
this first version you can learn about costs, error contents, bad areas
etc. and then you have an opportunity to plan better.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>8. Summary</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Testing
in a situation where management cuts both budget and time is a bad
game. You have to endure and survive this game and turn it into a
success. The general methodology for this situation is not to test
everything a little, but to concentrate on high risk areas and the worst
areas.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Priority 1: Return the product as fast as possible to the developers with a list of as serious deficiencies as possible.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Priority 2: Make sure that, whenever you stop testing, you have done the best testing in the time available!</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>References</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(1) Joachim Karlsson & Kevin Ryan, "A Cost-Value Approach for Prioritizing Requirements", IEEE Software, Sept. 1997</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(2) James Bach, "Good Enough Quality: Beyond the Buzzword", IEEE Computer, Aug. 1997, pp. 96-98</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(3) Risk-Based Testing, STLabs Report, vol. 3 no. 5 (info@stlabs.com)</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(4)
Ståle Amland, "Risk Based Testing of a Large Financial Application",
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference and Exposition on
TESTING Computer Software, June 16-19, 1997, Washington, D.C., USA.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(5)
Tagji M. Khoshgoftaar, Edward B. Allan, Robert Halstead, Gary P. Trio,
Ronald M. Flass, "Using Process History to Predict Software Quality,"
IEEE Computer, April 1998</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(6) Several ESSI projects, about
improving testing, and improving requirements quality, have been run by
Otto Vinter. Contact the author at otv@delta.dk.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(7) Ytzhak Levendel, "Improving Quality with a Manufacturing Process", IEEE Software, March 1991.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(8) "When the pursuit of quality destroys value", by John Favaro, Testing Techniques Newsletter, May-June 1996.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(9) "Quality: How to Make It Pay," Business Week, August 8, 1994</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(10) Barry W. Boehm, Software Engineering Economics, Prentice Hall, 1981</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(11)
Magne Jørgensen, 1994, "Empirical studies of software maintenance",
Thesis for the Dr. Scient. degree, Research Report 188, University of
Oslo.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(12) Lots of test tool catalogues exist. The easiest
accessible key is the Test Tool FAQ list, published regularly on Usenet
newsgroup comp.software.testing. More links on the author’s Web site.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(13)
T. M. Khoshgoftaar, E.B. Allan, R. Halstead, Gary P. Trio, R. M. Flass,
«Using Process History to Predict Software Quality», IEEE Computer,
April 1998</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(14) IEEE Standard 1044, A Standard Classification of Software Anomalies, IEEE Computer Society.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(15) James Bach, «A framework for good enough testing», IEEE Computer Magazine, October 1998</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(16) James Bach, "Risk Based Testing", STQE Magazine,6/1999, <a href="http://www.stqemagazine.com/">www.stqemagazine.com</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(17)
Nathan Petschenik, "Practical Priorities in System Testing", in
"Software- State of the Art" by DeMarco and Lister (ed), Sept. 1985,
pp.18 ff</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
(18) Heinrich Schettler, "Precision Testing: Risikomodell Funktionstest" (in German), to be published.</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-35276660325314594002012-08-15T12:27:00.000+05:302012-08-29T17:14:35.899+05:30What Questions we need to ask before Start any Testing<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Before you start any testing ask yourself the following questions:</b></div>
<ul class="square-list" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;" type="square">
<li class="first-listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
How will the application be used?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What is the purpose of the application? Information,
entertainment, business, and so on.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Who is the target audience? Who is the current audience? Who
is the potential audience?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What is the user scenario for using it? There may be several
representing various classes of users.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4734589662872646642" id="871" name="871"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4734589662872646642" id="page468" name="page468"></a> </div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Will this be used from an Internet kiosk or other machine
that the user has no control over? Should the application be verified in kiosk
mode?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are alternative devices going to use this? (Web TV, PDAs,
iMode phones, and so on.)</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What is the estimated user base for the first 6 months?
First year?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are users paying to access your site or use your
application? If so, their expectations may be very different than if it were
free.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are there partners you are dependent on? Are partners
dependent on you? Is there a plan if either your service is down or a partner
you rely on is down?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Is there a new user or first-time user experience that
differs from subsequent visits?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What dependencies does your site/application have? It may
require that WinAmp, AOL Instant Messenger, or some other piece of software be
installed, or it may make use of system- or browser-provided DLLs. If it does
not rely on any system DLLs, then there may be no need to test on various
versions of each platform family.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Does your application install any components or controls?
What if the user cannot/does not install it? What if you release a new
version-is there an upgrade path for the users?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
If your application installs components or controls, where
are they installed? Is there an assumed or hard-coded location? Will that break
on a nonstandard configuration (for example, a Windows machine where the active
drive is the F:\ drive instead of the more common C:\ drive)?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
If there is a component or control installed, is there an
uninstall path for it?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Does the component or control that is installed set any
registry keys? When it uninstalls, all of these need to be cleaned up
appropriately.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What platforms is this supported on? What are the various
Windows, Macintosh, and Unix versions, as well as various devices?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Which browsers are supported? Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Microsoft MSN Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Pocket IE and Generic IE,
Opera, Omni Group Omni Web, Amaya?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are there varying levels of support?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What does the test matrix look like?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What does the support matrix look like?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What happens if you access the application from an
unsupported platform? Consider a notification mechanism.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4734589662872646642" id="872" name="872"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4734589662872646642" id="page469" name="page469"></a> </div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What other requirements does the application have-security
settings, script settings, cookie settings, resolution, line speed, and so
on?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Is there an internal coding standard?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Is this feature necessary?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Is the role of the feature in the application clearly
understood?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
How will a user access this piece of functionality? List all
ways to get into this feature.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
How will the user put data into this piece of
functionality?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What are those areas of user-defined input? What are the
sizes of those areas (in bytes or characters)? What type of input do they
accept?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Where is the data output displayed?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What boundaries exist for this data?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What error states can come of this data or action?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
What states is the data available in? Map the creation,
edit, save, display, and delete states.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
How is the user expected to navigate? Are Back and Forward
controls provided in the application interface or is the user expected to use
the browser buttons? Make this clear, but know what the behavior is when using
the browser buttons.</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
If the application makes use of frames, what should the
behavior be when the user clicks the browser Back or Forward buttons? What about
Refresh or Stop?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Do errors occur when the page loads?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Do all graphics appear properly?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are all similar icons of the same size (visually), giving a
clean appearance?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Is the download time perceptibly slow?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Do all graphics have width and height tags to correctly
place them into a formatted page while they are downloading?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are all links active and working? Are they accurate and/or
descriptive?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Are links relative or absolute?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Should all links or active (hot) areas have the finger
pointer (hand) displayed when the cursor is over them?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="first-para">
Do the mailto links also display the mailing address?</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem" style="text-align: justify;">
Can the user print various pages?</li>
</ul>
<div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-89195660350377136742012-08-04T12:14:00.005+05:302012-08-04T12:15:20.348+05:30Xenu vs. Screaming Frog<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Over the past couple of years, we've seen a number of new web-based SEO crawlers (including our own <a href="http://www.seomoz.org/features">Pro App</a>
here on SEOmoz). They're great tools and can provide a lot of insight,
but sometimes you've just got to get down and dirty into a big site, and
you need a desktop crawler application. For the past few years, that's
pretty much meant <a href="http://home.snafu.de/tilman/xenulink.html">Xenu's Link Sleuth</a>. Recently, a new entrant has thrown its hat into the ring – <a href="http://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/">Screaming Frog SEO Spider</a>.</span> </div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">I
was amazed, on social media, how many people still hadn't heard of
Screaming Frog. Actually, a few people still don't know about Xenu. So, I
thought it would be a good time to put both programs through their
paces.</span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Xenu's Link Sleuth</b></span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In this
corner (that doesn't really work when you can't see me pointing, does
it?), we have Xenu, a PC-based desktop app that bills itself as a tool
for checking broken links. Over the years, enterprising SEOs have found
it's capable of a lot more. For such a popular tool, it's funny how
little we know about the creator, a German [engineer?] named Tilman
Hausherr. All I can tell you is that he wrote Xenu because he was bored,
he doesn't want your money, and he really dislikes Scientology.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="+" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4a%281%29.gif" width="16" /> Pro: Xenu is Free</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Let's
start with a few pros and cons. You really can't beat that Xenu is
completely free. We all owe Tilman a hearty "thank you" for putting it
out there over a decade ago.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="+" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4a%281%29.gif" width="16" /> Pro: Xenu is Fast</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">While
a large-scale site can take a while to fully crawl, Xenu is a machine,
and it's an impressively multi-threaded app, considering when it was
built. It can power through 1000s of pages pretty quickly.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="-" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4b.gif" width="16" /> Con: It's Not Intuitive</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Xenu
really takes some getting used to, and it's clearly built by an
old-school software designer. The basics are easy enough, but getting
into the real SEO applications of Xenu takes a bit of a learning curve.
To be fair, it wasn't built for what most of us try to do with it.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="-" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4b.gif" width="16" /></b><b> Con: No Mac Version</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">This
is the biggie for many people – Xenu only runs on Windows PCs. There's
no Mac or Linux version, and the author doesn't plan to release one.</span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>What Can Xenu Do?</b></span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">At its core, Xenu really is just a link checker, churning through your site to test internal and (optionally) external links:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="Xenu Screenshot" height="377" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-1.gif" width="500" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Since
Xenu operates like a crawler, though, it can really help test crawl
paths and find holes in your internal linking. Xenu also reports useful
stats, like the crawl level, outbound links from a page, and inbound
links to a page. It also returns TITLEs and META descriptions, which can
be handy at-a-glance.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">One really useful feature in Xenu is that,
once you find a broken link (page or image), you can just right-click
on it, select "URL Properties", and you'll get a pop-up like the one
below showing you all the pages linking to that broken file:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="Xenu Link Data" height="304" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-2.gif" width="445" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Xenu
is a work-horse, and it's still a great tool for churning through links
fast. It's only real fault is that we've tried to push it beyond what
it was designed for, and it wasn't really designed for SEO.</span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Screaming Frog SEO Spider</b></span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">That's
where Screaming Frog comes in, a desktop crawler specifically designed
for SEOs by a UK search marketing firm. Because it's built specifically
for SEOs, it has a lot of bells and whistles that Xenu doesn't. Let's
start with the quick list of pros and cons.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="+" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4a%281%29.gif" width="16" /> Pro: It's Built for SEOs</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">We'll
dive into this one below, but Screaming frog has been built by SEOs for
SEOs, and that fact is obvious as soon as you launch the application.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="+" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4a%281%29.gif" width="16" /> Pro: It's User-friendly</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">I
found Screaming Frog very easy to dive into. The advanced uses will
take some time to discover, I'm sure, but any experienced SEO should be
able to get up and running on it quickly.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="+" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4a%281%29.gif" width="16" /> Pro: It Runs on Your Mac</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Screaming Frog supports both PCs and Macs. If you have a Mac shop, that's a big one.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><img alt="+" height="16" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-4b.gif" width="16" /> Con: It's Not Free</b></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ok,
here's the down side. It's £99 per year (that's about $162, currently)
to run the full version of Screaming Frog. The free version will only
crawl 500 URIs. The free version is nearly fully functional, though, so
you can get a good idea if it's worth the price for you.</span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>What Can Screaming Frog Do?</b></span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">On the surface, Screaming Frog doesn't look too much different than Xenu:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="Screaming Frog Screenshot" height="385" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-3.gif" width="500" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Like
Xenu, Screaming Frog tracks the crawl level, internal links, outbound
links, TITLE tags, and META descriptions. It also adds:</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;">HTTP status codes</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">TITLE tag length</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">META description length</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">H1, H2 tags and lengths</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Canonical tags</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Many
of these elements are also broken into their own tabs at the top, so
that you can easily focus in on problem areas. You can right-click on
any URL for many more options, including checking indexation in Google,
Yahoo, or Bing and checking backlinks in Open Site Explorer, Yahoo Site
Explorer, or Majestic SEO:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="Scream Spider Options Menus" height="173" src="http://cdn.seomoz.org/img/upload/crawler-face-off-5.gif" width="590" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The
paid version includes one incredibly useful feature – the ability to
custom filter and search HTML source code across a site. Digging into
all of the features is beyond the scope of this post, but Branko Rihtman
has a nice <a href="http://www.seo-scientist.com/seo-spider-review-xenu-on-seo-steroids.html">Screaming Frog review</a> over at SEO Scientist. If you want to dig deeper into Xenu, Tom Critchlow had a good <a href="http://www.seomoz.org/blog/xenu-link-sleuth-more-than-just-a-broken-links-finder">Xenu recap</a> here on SEOmoz last year.</span><br />
</div>
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>And The Winner Is...</b></span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Sorry,
I just can't do it. I've loved Xenu (the app, not the galactic
overlord) for years, and even if it weren't free, I'd have gotten my
value out of it many times over. I'm excited about Screaming Frog and
what it can do, though, and I'm especially excited to see new products
and innovation finally coming to desktop crawlers. This is a win-win for
technical SEOs everywhere, and I'm looking forward to the evolution of
both desktop and web-based crawlers.</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-18206876618069875672012-03-25T17:56:00.000+05:302012-03-25T17:56:00.882+05:30Web QA Test Tool Links<h3 class="headerstyle" id="web-source" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: white; font-size: 1.4em; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 8px; background-image: url(http://www.aptest.com/img/th_r.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; ">Link and HTML Test Tools</h3><table class="bordered" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); page-break-before: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; font-size: 10px; "><tbody><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Product</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Vendor</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Comments</th></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.hisoftware.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AccVerify/AccRepair</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">HiSoftware</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Verify, Correct, Monitor and Manage your WebSite and Web Based Applications for W3C and Section 508 compliance.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.apploader.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AppLoader</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NRG</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">AppLoader is a load and functional testing software that simulates hundreds or thousands of end users interacting with your application. . It is protocol independent and works with any application accessible from a windows desktop. Including: Java, .NET, Ajax, Flex, and Flash. You can simulate the load using the browsers the end users are expected to use.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.appswatch.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AppsWatch</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NRG</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Appswatch is an automated testing tool for performance, Web testing, SLA monitoring and alerting. It runs tests from the user’s Desktop. It is protocol independent and works with all Web applications.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.xlanguage.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">ChangeAgent</a></td><td style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web site repair and maintenance application.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.htmlvalidator.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">CSE HTML Validator</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">AI Internet Solutions</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">HTML, XHTML, CSS, link, spelling, and accessibility checker available. Windows application</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.cyberspyder.com/cslnkts1.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Cyber Spyder Link Test</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Aman Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web site management program to be used for verifying that the URLs on a site are not broken and for analyzing site content. Shareware.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.dead-links.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Dead Links</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Dead Links</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free online spider based link checker. You only have to input the index page and the spider will crawl your website looking for broken links. Also gives advices for search engines.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.anetto.com.ru/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">HTML Candy</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Anetto Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">New-age software for final preparation of HTML pages. It is able to fix up a wide range of problems with HTML syntax, including tags, styles, attributes, attributes' values, deprecated and obsolete elements and attributes.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.tali.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">HTML PowerTools</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Talicom</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Suite of Windows tools for HTML checking, spelling, etc.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">HTML Tidy</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">W3C</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">A very nice tool that fixes common errors and pretty prints HTML. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.ssbtechnologies.com/products/infocus/index.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">InFocus</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">SSB Technologies</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Tool for making Web sites compliant with Section 508 requirements for access by the individuals with disabilities.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.link-checker-pro.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Link Checker Pro</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Link Checker Pro is a link checking tool for websites and has been tested on sites containing more than 100,000 links. It can export results in a number of formats and provide a graphical view of the website structure.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.linktiger.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">LinkTiger.com</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">LinkTiger.com</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Internet service that validates websites for broken links on a daily basis. When errors occur, you will receive an e-mail alert. LinkTiger.com features rich reports, e-mail notification, highlighting of broken links and no-software installation.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.alertbookmarks.com/lr/download.htm" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">LinkRunner</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Viable Software Alternatives</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Dead link detector for Windows</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.elsop.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">LinkScan</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Elsop</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">LinkScan is an industrial-strength link checking and website management tool. The LinkScan family of products delivers flexible test automation capabilities for the entire spectrum of web based applications. Customers include Fortune 1000 companies such as Hewlett Packard, government agencies like NASA, as well as many smaller businesses.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://home.snafu.de/tilman/xenulink.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">LinkSleuth</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Xenu</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Dead link detector. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.relsoftware.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Link Validator</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">REL Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Link checker and site management tool for webmasters to check links for accuracy and availability, find broken links and links containing syntactic errors. A free "lite" version is also offered.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/websoft/MOMspider/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">MOMspider</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">UCI</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Robot link checker. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.deque.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Ramp Ascend</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Testing and remediating websites and web based applications for integrated accessibility for Section 508 and WCAG compliance.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://arealvalidator.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Real Validator</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">HTML syntax checker for Windows</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://checkwebsite.erigami.com/accessibility.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Truwex website QA tool</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Erigami</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free online tool for evaluating website accessibility, privacy, performance, quality, broken links. Shows issues on a web page map and in the HTML code.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.illumit.com/Products/weblight" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebLight</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Illumit</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Finds broken links and markup problems, and identifies relationships between URL's.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.watchfire.com/products/webqa.asp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebQA</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Watchfire</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Report on over 40 errors including, Search engine optimization, Site inventory, Web accessibility (now includes Bobby reports, Section 508, W3C's WCAG), Corporate standards. Can also manage meta data and create automated test scripts to test site functionality.</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/webresources.html#page-top" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Return to Top of Page</a></p><h3 class="headerstyle" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: white; font-size: 1.4em; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 8px; background-image: url(http://www.aptest.com/img/th_r.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; ">On-line Link and HTML Test Services</h3><table class="bordered" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); page-break-before: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; font-size: 10px; "><tbody><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Product</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Vendor</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Comments</th></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.blossom.com/site_audit.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Audit Blossom</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Blossom Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Low cost web site audit service.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.cast.org/bobby/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Bobby</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">CAST</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Help make pages accessible to people with disabilities (WAI and Section 508 compliance). It will also find HTML compatibility problems that prevent pages from displaying correctly on different browsers. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.htmlhelp.com/tools/csscheck/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">CSSCheck</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web Design Group</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">On-line cascading Style sheet checker. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">CSS Validation Service</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">W3C</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free service that checks Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in (X)HTML documents or standalone for conformance to W3C recommendations</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://watson.addy.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Dr. Watson</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">HTML checking service. Free.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.htmlhelp.com/tools/validator/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">HTML Validator</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WDG</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Online service that validates HTML documents. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://validator.w3.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">HTML Validation Service</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">W3C</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Online service that checks HTML documents for conformance to W3C HTML and XHTML Recommendations and other HTML standards. Free</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.linkalarm.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Link Alarm</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">LinkAlarm</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Online service for detecting broken links</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.netmechanic.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">NetMechanic</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Monte Sano Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Service which searches your site to find broken links, spot bad HTML tags, and rates your server's response time. Commercial but offers free trials</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.uitest.com/en/check/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Site Check</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">UITest.com</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Enter a URL and it runs HTML and stylesheet validators, accessibility assessment, link check, load time check, and more using free online web test tools.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.sitetechnician.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">SiteTechnician</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">SiteTechnician</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Hosted management solutions. Identifies broken links, analyzes accessibility, reports on search engine optimization, monitors page load times, and helps you manage changes to your site over time.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.dead-links.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Validation Spider</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Dead Links</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free dead link checker</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://validator.w3.org/checklink" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">W3C Link Checker</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">W3C</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free dead link checker</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.sfsu.edu/training/weblint.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Weblint Gateway</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">San Francisco State University</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Performs an HTML error scan and creates an HTML listing with error messages in context and tags, URLs, and error messages highlighted in color</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.delorie.com/web/wpbcv.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Page Backward Compatibility Viewer</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Delorie Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">On-line utility that serves a page based on how various browsers would render it.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.delorie.com/web/purify.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Page Purifier</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Delorie Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">On-line utility that maps a page to HTML 2.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 4.0, or WebTV 1.1. standards. Free.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlvalid/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">XML Validation</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Scholarly Technology Group</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Validates XML documents. Free.</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/webresources.html#page-top" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Return to Top of Page</a></p><h3 class="headerstyle" id="web-func" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: white; font-size: 1.4em; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 8px; background-image: url(http://www.aptest.com/img/th_r.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; ">Functional Test Tools</h3><table class="bordered" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); page-break-before: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; font-size: 10px; "><tbody><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Product</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Vendor</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Comments</th></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://products.actimind.com/actiWATE" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">actiWATE</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Actimind</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Freeware web application testing environment. actiWATE Framework is written in Java and Java is used for writing tests.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.appswatch.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AppsWatch</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NRG</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Appswatch is an automated testing tool for functional, regression, and GUI testing. It runs tests from the user’s Desktop. It is protocol independent and works with any application accessible from a windows desktop. Including: Citrix, Java, .NET, Oracle, SAP, Eclipsys, Mckessen, Meditech, GE Healthcare, Epic, Cerner, Client-Server, Flex, Flash and even custom applications.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/tools.html#mercury" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Astra QuickTest</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Mercury Interactive</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web site functional testing</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.autotester.com/content/soft_at1.htm" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AutoTester One</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">AutoTester</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Functional, regression, and systems integration testing of Windows, Client Server, Host/Legacy, or Web applications.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.badboy.com.au/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Badboy</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Badboy Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Provides an enhanced browser interface to aid in building and testing dynamic applications. Combines capture/replay ability with performance testing and diagnostic features to allow developers to closely monitor and understand the interactions between the browser and the server. Free for small users.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://webtest.canoo.com/webtest/manual/WebTestHome.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Canoo WebTest</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Canoo</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Canoo WebTest is a free open source tool for testing of web applications. It calls pages and verifies the results, giving comprehensive reports on success and failure.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.soft.com/eValid/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">eValid</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Software Research</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Test enabled Web Browser. Provides Browser-Based Client-Side WebSite quality checking for Functional Testing, LoadTest, Site Analysis (SiteMap), Performance check and page tuning.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2004/06/04/recorder.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">HTTP::Recorder</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Opus</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Browser-independent recorder that records interactions with web sites and produces scripts for automated playback. Open source (Perl module)</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://ieunit.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">IeUnit</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Simple framework to test logical behaviors of web pages. It helps users to create, organize and execute functional unit tests. IeUnit is implemented in JavaScript for the Windows XP platform with Internet Explorer.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://imprimatur.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Imprimatur</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web application testing tool. The tests are described in a simple XML file. Along with the standard GET and POST actions, Imprimatur handles HTTP sessions and file uploads. The responses can be validated using regular expressions and response code checks. Open source.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.incisif.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">InCisif.net</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">InCisif</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automation tool designed to implement client-side functional testing of web applications Ajax enabled or not, under Internet Explorer 6.x or 7.x, using the C#, VB.NET or IronPython language.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.iopus.com/iim.htm" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Internet Macros</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Opus</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Low cost automation testing</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.irise.com/simulator.asp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">iRise Application Simulator</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">iRise</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Allows the definition, testing and approval of Web-based business software before developers write the first line of code. Users validate requirements from a visually accurate, functionally rich and interactive simulation of the application that can be modified on the fly during feedback sessions.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.incanica.com/itp.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">ITP</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Incanica</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web application testing harness. Lightweight, yet powerful! Test scripts written in XML. No programming required! No changes required to your application. Supports sessions/cookies, POST form data. Command line based for integration into other tools. Open source.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.itko.com/site/itko?jpid=LISA" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">LISA</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">iTKO</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">No-code, enterprise-strength automated testing solution for J2EE applications, websites and web services. LISA uses "inline testing" technology to talk to every component within your infrastructure. New one-click wizards enable even non-developers to connect to, analyze and interact with live EJBs, databases, messaging layers and web services/SOAP objects.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.bitmechanic.com/projects/maxq/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">MaxQ</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Bit Mechanic</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">MaxQ is a free functional testing tool. It includes an HTTP proxy that records your test script, and a command line utility that can be used to playback tests. The proxy recorder automatically stores variables posted to forms, so you don't have to write that stuff by hand. The paradigm of MaxQ is similar to commercial tools like Astra QuickTest or Empirix e-Test. These products are quite expensive. MaxQ hopes to provide the essential features: HTTP test recording, scripting, and playback without the huge cost. Source code to MaxQ is provided as part of the distribution.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.netvantagetech.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Netvantage Functional Tester</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Netvantage Technologies</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Functional and regression automated web testing tool.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.pestercat.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">PesterCat</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">PesterCat</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web testing tool that was designed to perform functional testing for web applications. PesterCat features an integrated proxy recorder that enables you to record scripts using your favorite web browser. PesterCat runs on Linux, Mac OSX, and Windows.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.seapine.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">QA Wizard</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Seapine</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automated functional testing tool for Web-based apps. Automated scripting allows the creation of more scripts in less time. Advanced object binding greatly reduces script changes when Web-based apps change. FREE QA Wizard Demo and Test Script!</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.ranorex.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Ranorex</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Ranorex Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Windows GUI test and automation framework for C++, Python and for the .Net languages</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.rational.com/products/robot/index.jsp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Rational Robot</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Rational Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automated functional, regression, and smoke tests for e-applications</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://sahi.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Sahi</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automation and testing tool for web applications, with the facility to record and playback scripts. Developed in java and javascript, this tool uses simple javascript to execute events on the browser. Features include, in-browser controls, text based scripts, ant support for playback of suites of tests, and multi threaded playback. It supports HTTP and HTTPS.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://samie.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">SAMIE</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Simple Automated Module For Internet Explorer. Perl module (SAM.pm) that allows a user to automate Internet Explorer. This free tool is designed for quality assurance engineers that need to run tests for their browser applications. (Windows only)</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.openqa.org/selenium/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Selenium</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">ThoughtWorks</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Selenium is a test tool for web applications. Selenium tests run directly in a browser, just as real users do. And they run in Internet Explorer, Mozilla and Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/tools.html#segue" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">SilkTest</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Segue Software, Inc.</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Enterprise-class web testing</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.parasoft.com/jsp/products/home.jsp?product=SOAP&itemId=113" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">SoapTest</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Parasoft</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automated tool for testing Web services. SOAPtest helps you to prevent errors by performing server functional testing, load testing, and client testing with just the click of a button. SOAPtest facilitates server functional testing by automatically creating a test suite from a WSDL document that tests every operation associated with that document. The same test suite used for server functional testing can also be used as a load test suite that not only monitors the servers response rate with the specified number and mixture of simultaneous requests, but also verifies whether the test loads cause functionality problems. You can also have SOAPtest emulate a server and verify that the client sends appropriate requests to the appropriate services, and that the client handles the services responses as expected.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.soapui.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">soapui</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">eviware</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Desktop application for inspecting, invoking and testing (functional and load) of web services over HTTP. It is mainly aimed at developers/testers providing and/or consuming web services (java, .net, etc). Functional and Load-Testing can be done both interactively in soapui or within a automated build/integration process using the soapui command-line tools. soapui currently requires java 1.5 and is licensed under the LGPL license.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://solex.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Solex</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NEOMAlogic</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Solex is an open source Web application testing tool built as a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE. It provides functions to record a client session, adjust it according to various parameters and replay it later typically in order to ensure non regression of a Web application's behaviour.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://swete.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">swete</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Neal Lester</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Provides cross platform console based tools for regression testing of web applications. The tools may be used when refactoring and during development to ensure that new functionality doesn't break previously completed features. Open source.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://qualityforge.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">TestSmith</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Quality Forge</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Functional/Regression Test Automation Tool for Windows. Web Site and Web Application testing is done at both the the HTML Document Object Model (DOM) level and the Windows object level, as appropriate.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.origsoft.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">TestWeb</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Original Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automation solutions for IBM iSeries, Microsoft, and Oracle.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.verisium.com/products/vTest/index.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">vTest</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Verisium</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Functional and regression testing with a host of powerful web functional testing features. It empowers you to thoroughly verify and validate your web applications in a variety of environments. You can enhance productivity by generating automated test scripts, replaying both automated and custom test scripts, generating test reports and spotting software bugs early in the development cycle.<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; ">Enhances testing engineer efficiency through the ability to create automated test scripts. These test scripts can be executed automatically with minimal human intervention. They can also be scheduled based on a set plan. This normally results in a huge productivity gain and allows testing departments to accomplish significantly more work in the same amount of time.</p></td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://watin.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WatiN</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Open source C# framework for automating functional web testing. Inspired by Watir implementation, WatiN drive Internet Explorer at the user level.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://wtr.rubyforge.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Watir</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Open-source functional testing tool for automating browser-based tests of web applications. Drives the Internet Explorer browser the same way people do. It clicks links, fills in forms, presses buttons. Watir also checks results, such as whether expected text appears on the page. Watir is a Ruby library that works with Internet Explorer on Windows. Like other powerful programming languages, Ruby gives you the power to connect to databases, read data files, export XML and structure your code into reusable libraries.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://en.web2test.de/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">web2test</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">itCampus</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Automated Capture & Replay test tool for functional testing of web applications and portals. web2test runs under Windows and Linux and supports Firefox, Internet Explorer, Mozilla and Seamonkey. Test scripts are browser and platform independent and tolerant to GUI changes. A 100% component based approach allows detailed and complex checks. There is no programming knowledge needed for creation and maintenance of test scripts. Additionally web2test provides a scripting interface in Jython and Groovy. The tool can be integrated with HP TestDirector for Quality Center and supports the testing of AJAX applications, data driven and distributed testing.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.artoftest.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebAii</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">ArtOfTest</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">.NET automation infrastructures provided FREE of charge to the developer and quality assurance community. Use WebAii to automate unit tests, feature and scenario tests for Ajax applications or any web application while leveraging an innovative approach to enhance Product Testability and produce more agile and robust test automation suites. WebAii comes with tight Visual Studio Integration in addition to many new features.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.crimsonsolutions.co.uk/testing/testing-downloads.php" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Webcorder</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Crimson Solutions</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free GUI software testing tool developed in VB to allow for simple end user web testing. Essentially the user presses record and navigates their way through a scenario, telling the program to check for text/images along the way and optionally taking screenshots. At the end of the process you stop recording and save the script. You can then play back the script either interactively or in batch mode, and the program will generate log files etc.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.webinject.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebInject</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WebInject</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WebInject is a free tool for testing of web applications and services. It can be used to test any individual system component with an HTTP interface (JSP, ASP, CGI, PHP, Servlets, HTML Forms, etc), and can be used as a test harness to create a suite of [HTTP level] functional, acceptance, and regression tests. A test harness (also referred to as a test driver or a test framework) allows you to run many test cases and collect/report your test results.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.parasoft.com/jsp/products/home.jsp?product=WebKing&itemId=99" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebKing</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">ParaSoft</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">White-box, black-box, and regression testing</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.wet.qantom.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WET</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Qantom Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Framework for Web automation testing. WET is released on a Opensource license by Qantom.org. Has many features like multiple parameter based object identification for more reliable recognition, support for XML object repository, better popup handling, HTML results, Precondition Support, Teardown support, Parametrization of the scripts, Parameterization of the objects, External Library support and more!</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="https://wsunit.dev.java.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WSUnit</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "> </td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WSUnit is a tool that can help you test Web Service consumers. It provides a predictable and repeatable simulation of a Web Service that is ideal for unit testing.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.informatrix.ch/indexYWT.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Yawet</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">InforMatrix</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Java/swing tool to create, run and debug functional web tests. It can verify Html, Pdf and Xml documents. Yawet offers reports, step libraries, parametrisation and custom extensions.</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/webresources.html#page-top" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Return to Top of Page</a></p><h3 class="headerstyle" id="web-security" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: white; font-size: 1.4em; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 8px; background-image: url(http://www.aptest.com/img/th_r.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; ">Security Test Tools</h3><table class="bordered" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); page-break-before: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; font-size: 10px; "><tbody><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Product</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Vendor</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Comments</th></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.spidynamics.com/products/qainspect/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">QA Inspect</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">SPI Dynamics</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Incorporate fully automated web application security testing into the overall test management process. Now, Mercury users can conduct and manage both functional testing and security testing from a single platform.</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/webresources.html#page-top" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Return to Top of Page</a></p><h3 class="headerstyle" id="web-perf" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: white; font-size: 1.4em; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 8px; background-image: url(http://www.aptest.com/img/th_r.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; ">Performance Test Tools</h3><table class="bordered" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); page-break-before: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; font-size: 10px; "><tbody><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Product</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Vendor</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Comments</th></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.red-gate.com/advanced_dotnet_testing_system.htm" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">ANTS</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Red Gate</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Load and scalability testing of .NET web services and applications</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.apploader.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AppLoader</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NRG</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">AppLoader is a load and functional testing software that simulates hundreds or thousands of end users interacting with your application. . It is protocol independent and works with any application accessible from a windows desktop. Including: Citrix, Java, .NET, Oracle, SAP, Eclipsys, Mckessen, Meditech, GE Healthcare, Epic, Cerner, Client-Server, Flex, Flash and even custom applications</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.appswatch.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">AppsWatch</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NRG</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Appswatch is an automated testing tool for functional, regression, and GUI testing. It runs tests from the user’s Desktop. It is protocol independent and works with any application accessible from a windows desktop. Including: Citrix, Java, .NET, Oracle, SAP, Eclipsys, Mckessen, Meditech, GE Healthcare, Epic, Cerner, Client-Server, Flex, Flash and even custom applications.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/tools.html#mercury" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Astra LoadTest</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Mercury Interactive</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Load testing tool for Web-based system</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.dotcom-monitor.com/web-load-stress-test.asp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Dotcom-Monitor</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Dana Consulting</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Dotcom-Monitor.com simulates real users by using its remote agents positioned around the globe. As an end-user you setup the conditions for the web site or web application you would like to stress test.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.facilita.co.uk/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">forecast</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Facilita</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Suite of tools for system load testing, performance measurement and multi-user functional testing.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.acme.com/software/http_load/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">http_load</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Acme Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Free Unix-Based load load generator for web servers.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.clanproductions.com/jblitz/index.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Jblitz</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Clan Productions</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Load testing tool aimed at smaller sites.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.loadtracer.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">LoadTracer</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Trace Technologies</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">GUI-based tool for load/Performance /Stress/ Scalability testing of web applications. Using this tool more number of virtual clients can be generated to hit the web server at a specific time. It simulates multiple instances of web client accessing a Web Server based on the simulating information obtained from one web client during a session with a web server. So under various load or stress condition, any web application can be tested effectively. This tool is developed into three modules, Load Tracer- Recorder, Load Tracer-Generator, and Load Tracer- Analysis. Load Tracer is compatible with Internet Explorer and Netscape.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/act/htm/actml_main.asp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Microsoft Application Center Test</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Microsoft</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Designed to stress test Web servers and analyze performance and scalability problems with Web applications, including Active Server Pages (ASP) and the components they use. Simulates a large group of users by opening multiple connections to the server and rapidly sending HTTP requests. Supports several different authentication schemes and the SSL protocol, making it ideal for testing personalized and secure sites.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.neotys.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">NeoLoad</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Neotys</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NeoLoad simulates hundreds of virtual users on your web site, getting performance statistics and revealing errors under stress. Free eval download.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://opendemand.com/openload" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">OpenLoad</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">OpenDemand Systems</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web testing tool used to simulate hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously accessing a web site or application</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://opensta.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">OpenSTA</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">OpenSTA</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">A distributed software testing architecture based on CORBA. OpenSTA is designed to be used by Performance Testing Consultants or other technically proficient individuals. Using OpenSTA a user can generate realistic heavy loads simulating the activity of hundreds to thousands of virtual users. This capability is fully realized through OpenSTA's distributed testing architecture. OpenSTA graphs both virtual user response times and resource utilization information from all Web Servers, Application Servers, Database Servers and Operating Platforms under test, so that precise measurements can be gathered during load tests and analysis on these measurements can be performed. OpenSTA is Open Source software licensed under the GNU General Public License.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.powerproxy.net/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">PowerProxy</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Orderly Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">PowerProxy is a load-testing HTTP proxy with features that can help you browse or buy product from busy web servers.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.proxy-sniffer.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Proxy Sniffer</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Ing. Fischer</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web load and stress testing tool that permits to analyze the performance characteristics and the stability of a Web application under various load conditions. The measured results enables a targeted tuning which results in an optimized application.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.nrgglobal.com/products/pureload.php" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">PureLoad</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">NFG Global</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Load testing tool that simulates hundreds of users executing requests against server based applications</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.quotium.com/us/rubrique_solserv.php3?id_rubrique=4" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">QuotiumPro</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Quotium</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Professional load testing tool that analyses and predicts application behavior and performance. It tests an entire architecture by emulating very large numbers of realistic users, as well as sharp load variations.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.joedog.org/JoeDog/Siege" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Siege</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Joe Dog</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Open Source HTTP performance testing tool for UNIX systems.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/tools.html#segue" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">SilkPerformer</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Segue</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web server load testing</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.synametrics.com/SynametricsWebApp/StressIT.jsp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">StressIT</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Synametrics</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">StressIT is a robust stress testing application that accurately simulates the number of users your site can maintain. It will allow you to chart the breaking point at which your site's performance is no longer acceptable, and will allow you to pinpoint the bottlenecks preventing your site from reaching its maximum levels. StressIT allows you to define relevant use-case scenarios for your site; this customization allows you to test all aspects of your complex multi-tiered web-based application.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.pilotltd.com/eng/index.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Site Tester 1.0</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Pilot Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">SiteTester is a load-testing utility designed to test web servers and web applications. SiteTester simulates concurrent access of various users from different hosts to a web/application server. Each virtual user follows a predefined procedure to access the server. By increasing the number of virtual users you can test the capacity of your servers and determine the extra hardware and bandwidth needs, if any. SiteTester1.0 is a JDK1.2 compatible Java application and is available for the Windows and UNIX environments.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.pushtotest.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">TestMaker</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">PushToTest</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Open source framework to build intelligent test agents that test Web services (HTTP, HTTPS, SSL, Servlet, JSP, EJB, ActiveX, SOAP, .NET) for scalability and performance. Written in Java and runs everywhere Java runs, including Windows, Linux, Solaris, Macintosh and more.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.loadtestingtool.com/index.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WAPT</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Novosoft</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Performance, load and stress testing tool for Web sites and intranet applications. Supports all security features related to HTTPS/SSL. Testing of sites protected with basic authorization is also supported. Good abilities of run-time test data generation. The values of request parameters and URIs can be calculated in a number of ways.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://hping.org/wbox/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Wbox</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">open source</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Wbox aims to help you having fun while testing HTTP related stuff.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q231282" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Application Stress Tool</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Microsoft</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Simulation tool that is designed to realistically reproduce multiple browsers requesting pages.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.radview.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Webload</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Radview Software</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Performance tool for testing Internet and Intranet applications</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.webpartner.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebPartner TPC</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WebPartner</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WebPartner's Test and Performance Center measures website performance from a customer's perspective combining ease of use and performance at an incredible value to meet all of your Testing, Diagnostics and Monitoring needs. The WebPartner Test and Performance Center web-based user interface allows you to quickly FIND, FIX and PREVENT bottlenecks and failures within your applications inside or outside your firewall.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.webperformanceinc.com/products/index.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Performance Trainer</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web Performance</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web Performance tester. For Windows and UNIX.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.web-polygraph.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Polygraph</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Freely available benchmarking tool for caching proxies, origin server accelerators, L4/7 switches, content filters, and other Web intermediaries</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.webapplicationstesting.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Roller</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Novosoft</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Performance and load testing for web and Intranet applications</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.paessler.com/webstress" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Web Server Stress Tool</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Paessler</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Load test application for web servers</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.technovations.com/websizr.htm" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">WebSizr</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Technovations</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Performance Analysis and Sizing framework for HTTP based Servers and applications</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/webresources.html#page-top" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Return to Top of Page</a></p><h3 class="headerstyle" id="web-perf-serv" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: white; font-size: 1.4em; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 8px; background-image: url(http://www.aptest.com/img/th_r.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: tahoma, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; ">Performance Test Services</h3><table class="bordered" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); page-break-before: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; font-size: 10px; "><tbody><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Product</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Vendor</th><th style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230); ">Comments</th></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.aptest.com/ebizload.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">Load Gold</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">ApTest</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Outsourced Load Testing. Combining Open source tools with our staff's expert consulting and technology transfer to your team.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.webmetrics.com/loadtesting.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">SiteStress</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">WebMetrics</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">A comprehensive service to generate http based synthetic transactions capable of scaling to to tens of thousands of users.</td></tr><tr style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; "><a href="http://www.moniforce.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(23, 114, 216); ">webStress</a></td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Moniforce</td><td valign="top" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: blue; border-right-color: blue; border-bottom-color: blue; border-left-color: blue; border-image: initial; ">Web performance and stress testing services.</td></tr></tbody></table><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-72987454432449343102012-03-20T17:32:00.000+05:302012-03-20T17:32:00.131+05:30Real-World Load Testing Tips to Avoid Bottlenecks When Your Web App Goes Live<div class="clsSum" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >SUMMARY</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Load testing should be part and parcel of every Web development effort, and it should be performed early in the process. However, if you think you can load test using your development environment, you're going to have some surprises when you go live. In this article, the authors outline the process of planning your load testing effort, considering which machines to use, how many users to simulate, which tools are right for you, and how to interpret your results.</span></div><div class="ContentSeparator" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 2px; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-left-width: 2px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 6px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 128, 128); border-right-color: rgb(0, 128, 128); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 128, 128); border-left-color: rgb(0, 128, 128); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></div><p style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span><span class="CodeDownloadText" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); " ></span></span></p><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleRegion" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><div class="CollapseRegionLink" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span ><img class="LibC_o" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/Global/Images/clear.gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/global/Images/LibC.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: 0px 0px; " /> Contents</span></div><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleSection" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; clear: both; "><div style="text-align: justify; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S1" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; "><span >Start Early</span></a></div><span ><div style="text-align: justify; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S2" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Define Your Environment</a></div><div style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S3" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Define Your Testing Strategy</a></div><span><div style="text-align: justify; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S3" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">But How Many Users?</a></div></span><div style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S5" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Know Your Metrics</a></div><span><div style="text-align: justify; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S5" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Interpret Your Metrics</a></div></span><div style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S7" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Choosing the Right Load Testing Tool</a></div><span><div style="text-align: justify; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S7" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Know Your History</a></div></span><div style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; "><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S9" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; "></a><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188783.aspx#S9" ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Conclusion</a></div></span></div></div><p style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >L et us propose a scenario. You're wrapping up a six-month development effort on a complex Internet application or Web Service and you're getting ready to deploy it. The development team was meticulous in its design of a loosely coupled, <em style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">n</em>-tier Web application. All the necessary ingredients for a scalable, stable, high-performance application were carefully built into the system architecture from day one. The QA team has thoroughly tested your system, removed the most severe bugs, and considers the remaining bugs to be known. So your deployment should go pretty smoothly, right? Think again.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Did you implement load testing as part of your development effort? If not, you should accept the fact that somewhere in the complexity of your design you will have introduced concerns around performance, scalability, and stability. Bottlenecks are elements of your system that impede the normal flow of traffic. Although good design is crucial to building a successful Web application, experience has taught us that the majority of these kinds of bugs can only be found when your system is placed under load. These are issues you won't discover by testing the system as a single user during the development process. By implementing a load testing plan early enough, you can help ensure that any surprises at deployment time are truly minimal.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >In this article, we will steer away from the conventional load testing strategy to describe an approach that is based on real-world experience. Having led numerous load testing teams, we've learned some lessons that you might find helpful.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >We'll discuss the merits of starting your testing effort early and cover key considerations for setting up your testing environment. We'll help you to determine which metrics are appropriate for your implementation and describe some tools for interpreting them. In addition, we'll show you why the familiar question "can my site handle <em style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">x</em> users simultaneously?" is too vague to answer accurately. Finally, we'll discuss some important considerations for choosing the appropriate load testing tool for your particular needs and make recommendations on tracking your test results.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >We'll use the term load testing to describe performance, scalability, and stability testing. The term scalability testing is too often used to describe all three, and your team is likely doing more than just that.<strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 1</strong> describes these goals.</span></div><span ><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; "><br /></span></span></div><span style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleRegion" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div class="CollapseRegionLink" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><img class="LibC_o" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/Global/Images/clear.gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/global/Images/LibC.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: 0px 0px; " /> Figure 1 The Goals of Load Testing</div><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleSection" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; clear: both; "><table class="charttable" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); width: 610px; "><thead style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><th id="th064B84D80000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Testing Type</th><th id="th064B84D80001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Goal</th></tr></thead><tbody style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th064B84D80000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Performance</td><td headers="th064B84D80001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">To reduce the time necessary to execute a request. May involve the optimization of methods, stored procedures, and transaction lengths.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th064B84D80000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Scalability</td><td headers="th064B84D80001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">To exceed the number of concurrent users anticipated at peak load in production. The number of concurrent users supported should be proportional to the amount of hardware.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th064B84D80000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Stability</td><td headers="th064B84D80001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">To reduce component memory leaks and system crashes.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></span><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S1" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Start Early</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >You should begin planning your load testing effort during the design phase. From our own experience, we can suggest that you take a "no surprises" approach to your development effort. Always work with the assumption that you will find problems. The architecture for distributed Web applications and Web Services is increasingly complex, allowing potential problems to be inherent in the design of your application.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >We recently conducted load testing well into the development phase on a complex <em style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">n</em>-tiered Web architecture. We made two underestimations. First, we underestimated how many problems we would uncover in the system once testing began. Our first test run failed at just 2 users and 100 orders processed. Second, we underestimated the length of time necessary to set up the test environment. Fortunately, we started planning for testing early enough that we had time to resolve or minimize the problems found prior to the deployment date. By paying close attention to design, the scalability of the system improved very quickly once the first few issues were successfully resolved.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >You can begin planning for your testing effort by defining your testing environment. Depending on the size of your development effort, this may be a significant task.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S2" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Define Your Environment</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >In defining the testing environment, the first task is to evaluate what kind of effort is required. A general guideline we use for resource costs is that 15-20 percent of implementation time should be spent on testing, with approximately one third of this time dedicated to load testing.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >It is important to create a separate testing environment that is comparable to production. If the machine configuration, speed, and setup aren't the same, extrapolating performance in production is nearly impossible. In other words, you can make a determination as to whether adding more hardware to your system will achieve greater scalability, but you cannot accurately answer questions like "how many users can one Web server in production handle?" One of your main tasks should be to reduce the uncertainty and answer questions with conclusive evidence. Without comparable hardware, you'll be forced to make educated guesses at best.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >You may be cringing at the cost of putting production machines in your load testing environment, but consider the cost of finding hardware-related problems in production and the value in accurately predicting the load a single Web server can handle. Variables like processor speed and the available RAM affect the available system resources and consequently may change how scalability problems manifest themselves. In the lab, situational variables are your nemesis. Too many, and you cannot identify the source of the problem. Consider accelerating your production hardware purchase for use in the load testing lab if a separate environment is out of the question. The lab equipment can also be used as a standby for the production equipment once the system is deployed. Another benefit is that you will be able to iron out the system wrinkles long before your go-live date.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >There are several reasons why you shouldn't test with your development environment. See the sidebar "Don't Use Your Dev Environment for Load Testing" for details. The same goes for the system test environment used by your QA team. It is intended for single user testing with the purpose of tracking functional bugs that appear independent of the system load. This kind of testing relaxes the constraints on the type of hardware used in the system test environment. It also receives more frequent software updates from the development team. In load testing, only releases that affect system performance should be installed, minimizing the amount of time spent tweaking load scripts.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >In addition to the resources necessary to run the scalability lab, the success of your load testing effort depends on other roles within your organization. <strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 2</strong> summarizes the roles.</span></div><span ><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; "><br /></span></span></div><span style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleRegion" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div class="CollapseRegionLink" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><img class="LibC_o" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/Global/Images/clear.gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/global/Images/LibC.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: 0px 0px; " /> Figure 2 Load Testing Team Required Roles</div><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleSection" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; clear: both; "><table class="charttable" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); width: 610px; "><thead style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><th id="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Role</th><th id="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Contribution and Importance</th></tr></thead><tbody style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Load test lab team</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Takes ownership of the effort and runs the system test. Minimum of one person is necessary. Importance: critical.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Database</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Identifies and solves database problems</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">administrator (DBA)</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">such as row locking and transaction timeouts. Importance: critical.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Development team</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Identifies and tracks problems involving stability, performance, or transaction length. Helps identify areas where code practice can be improved. Importance: critical.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Business intelligence</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Defines the quality bar for the site based</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">analyst</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">on available or projected information. This is an ongoing task since the level of traffic and the site features change over time. Importance: high.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Network team</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Sets up the scalability lab hardware and builds it to production specs. Provides information about traffic on the production system. Identifies and resolves bottlenecks. If you use the production environment, you must increase this role. Importance: medium.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th07855E480000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">QA manager</td><td headers="th07855E480001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Ensures that any external builds scheduled for deployment have been tested in the load test lab in conjunction with the regression and quality testing efforts of the QA team. Importance: medium.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></span><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >We cannot overemphasize the fact that the most important role outside of the lab is a strong database administrator (DBA). Scalability problems are most likely rooted in the database, the data access strategy (such as stored procedures, prepared statements, or inline SQL), or data access technologies (such as ADO, ODBC, and so on). The DBA can help identify and solve problems related to the database such as expensive indexing, excessive locking, and transaction timeouts. Ideally, you should have a dedicated, well-qualified DBA available as a full-time resource for key points in the load test effort.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >We also recommend that you dedicate a member of your development team to the test lab on a rotating schedule so that each team member participates in this testing effort. If you do this, you'll get great cross-training while providing the lab with a continuous stream of fresh ideas.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S3" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Define Your Testing Strategy</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >By now you've had that meeting in which the customer leaned across the boardroom table and asked "Will this system handle thousands of users?" The conventional approach to load testing requires you to write scripts and perform tests that attempt to accurately answer this question. With this kind of testing, you need to define what you mean by handle and what 1000 typical users would be doing on the site. You need to define test cases to represent various user activities like buying a stock or registering a new account. Next, you must estimate the distribution of users across these test cases. Assumptions are made for how much think time (or wait time) is required to simulate a real user interaction with the application. A cross-section of activity during a load test would therefore approximate what the same number of real users would be doing on the site.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >There are several flaws with this methodology. First, the results are only as good as the assumptions you make. Obviously, incorrect assumptions will skew the results.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Second, approximating real users requires a lot of client hardware. Given the amount of processing power and memory required per virtual user, a typical client machine can handle about 200 virtual users. Testing for a level of concurrency of 2000 users would therefore require 10 client machines—a significant investment. Testing the site using HTTPS will require substantially more client hardware.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Finally, this approach makes it difficult to provide action-oriented information to your development team. When something does go wrong, it is often difficult to reproduce the problem.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >As an alternative, we suggest you design your test cases around these key questions:</span></p><ul style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 18px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><li style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/Platform/MasterPages/Msdn10/bullet.gif); "><span >Where is the system bottleneck, and how many synchronized concurrent requests can it handle?</span></li><li style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/Platform/MasterPages/Msdn10/bullet.gif); "><span >How many nonsynchronized super users can one machine handle before response time becomes unacceptable?</span></li><li style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/Platform/MasterPages/Msdn10/bullet.gif); "><span >Do the results scale linearly as you add additional hardware?</span></li><li style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/Platform/MasterPages/Msdn10/bullet.gif); "><span >Are there any stability issues that will prevent the site from operating in a production environment?</span></li></ul></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >This approach uses additional information from the development team which anticipates where problems might arise. Focus on these areas. Using our previous example, the order submission area is likely to be a bottleneck. From here you can derive more specific questions such as "how many simultaneous requests can the submit process handle?" Attacking these specific areas is the fastest and cheapest way to provide action-oriented information to your development team so that they can improve the system. While using this approach, we suggest you remember to follow these suggestions.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><span class="ArticleInlineTitle" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); ">Focus the Load Testing</span> As we've already mentioned, the first thing to do is build scripts that load potential bottlenecks and stability issues. This "data first, assumption second" approach lets you gather raw data from your application and then, based on your assumptions, determine higher-level results. Don't worry about scripting areas of the site which have been identified as low risk. For example, scripting the help area of the site or a read-only documentation area is unlikely to reveal a system bottleneck.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><span class="ArticleInlineTitle" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); ">Synchronize the Requests</span> Hit your bottleneck with synchronized requests. The idea here is to simulate the worst-case scenario—every user on your site hitting the bottleneck at exactly the same time. By synchronizing your users, you make this test repeatable. Not synchronizing the results makes it difficult to reproduce a failure. You can achieve this by using synchronization points, a feature found in most of the more robust (and costly) testing tools. A synchronization point forces each virtual user to wait until the remaining users reach a defined point in the script before beginning the next request. It allows you to accurately and repeatedly determine the number of concurrent users that can be handled by a potential bottleneck area of the site. As an example, your lower limit might be seven concurrent, synchronized users.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><span class="ArticleInlineTitle" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); ">Create Circular Test Case Scripts</span> Make your test cases circular. Put another way, the site should be in the same state before and after each test case iteration. This allows you to repeatedly run the test case over a long period of time.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><span class="ArticleInlineTitle" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); ">Use Super Users</span> Finally, use what we call super users. As mentioned before, super users run with think time set to zero. Remember that the think time assumption is used in conventional testing to make your virtual users simulate real users. However, if you were to halve the virtual user think time, you would effectively double load on the servers. Put another way, the only variable your servers really care about in relation to load is the number of requests per second. The number of virtual users and their think times are combined to produce that load.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Let's do some math to make this concept clearer. The following formula calculates the load generated (requests/second) by real users accessing the site:</span></div><div class="ArticleImageSpacer" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; width: 700px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span ><img alt="" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/cc188783.figA(en-us).gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></span></p><div class="ArticleImageCaptionText" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); "><strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span ></span></strong></div></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >For example, a site with 100 concurrent users, assuming 10 seconds of download time and 30 seconds of think time, would produce about 2.5 pages per second. If we assume 3 requests per page, that would translate to 7.5 requests per second on the Web server.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Watch the number of requests per second as you run your tests with super users and compare against the number just calculated. In our experience, the ratio of real users to super users is typically around 15:1. Using the same example, that would mean that super users (100/15) would generate the same load as 100 normal users. To give you another example, let's say response time becomes unacceptable after 10 super users. Note the number of requests per second at that point to convert back to real users. Now you can make any think-time assumption you like and even change it without rerunning the test. After a few days of testing, you'll be able to intuitively convert from super users to real users. This approach allows you to keep the user count manageable, reduce the amount of client hardware required, and contain the cost of the load testing software.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >These super user test cases are useful for more than just single-machine testing. To test the scalability of the site, add a second Web server and a load balancer and repeat your super user test. Ideally, you will be able to double the number of super users before you see the same response times.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >To answer the stability question, run a test to sustain a reasonable number of concurrent, unsynchronized super users for an extended period of time. We used overnights and 24-hour periods on our last project, but the duration is application dependent. We refer to this as a "burn-in" test. Once you've taken steps to identify and potentially resolve the bottleneck found, repeat the synchronization point test to see if the lower limit has increased. Then rerun the "burn-in" test with the new number for concurrent users supported. Repeat this cycle with the goal of striving to improve upon this number until the quality bar is reached.Don't Use Your Dev Environment for Load Testing</span></p><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >There are several reasons why it is best to build a load test environment that is isolated from development and system test environments. First, even if the hardware is the same as production, the chance that you control the software installed and the configurations is small.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >Second, load test scripts require a stable environment, as you'll want to minimize the amount of time spent rerecording scripts between tests. Some products allow you to ignore HTML or code changes to a Web page.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >Yet page names, frame names, and query string changes will certainly cause your scripts to break. You want to minimize the number of times you allow code changes into the load test environment. Maintaining a separate environment means that rerecording may only be necessary between builds rather than throughout your testing day.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >Also, because the development team will be adding additional load on the environment when testing functionality, it becomes difficult to isolate problems.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >Finally, it is crucial to ensure version control for testing. You must be able to relate your metrics gathered to a specific build number. Without it, you can't accurately quantify the difference in performance between test runs when a change is made.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span ><br /></span></p></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S4" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >But How Many Users?</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >While this approach provides valuable information to the development team, it makes it more difficult to answer that boardroom question. However, you can approximate an answer. For example, say the worst-case bottleneck of the site shows response time over 10 seconds with more than 20 super users per machine. Based on your calculations from the formula we suggested, you approximate 300 real users (20 super users × 15 real users). At this point you can make the same kinds of assumptions as you would have made in the conventional case. What percentage of users would typically be using this area of the site? Say 50 percent are expected in this area and the other areas, like documentation or reading from the database, are not as popular. That means a system with one Web server would handle approximately 600 users.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >So far we've discussed what to do if you can definitely point to one bottleneck area of the site, but what should you do if there is more than one area that might be affecting performance? The answer is to create test scripts that look at each area individually. First run the scripts in isolation, and then run them together. Then compare the results to see how much of an effect one area of the site has on another.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S5" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Know Your Metrics</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The next step is to clearly define your metrics. Examples of metrics include the number of orders processed per minute or the number of milliseconds required to execute a request on an ASP page. Metrics allow you to quantify the results of the changes made between each of your test runs. They provide a comparison to the standard defined for your Web application.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >In order to decide which metrics you need to track, there are a number of steps to work through. You need to define the questions for which you need answers, define the quality bar for each of these questions, and then determine which metrics are necessary to compare your test results to your quality bar.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The first step is straightforward. For example, you might want to know the checkout response time. Remember to form the questions in relation to the testing strategy and avoid vague questions you won't be able to test.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The next step is to define the quality bar for each of these questions. Let's use a typical order submission process as an example. We may decide that the site must handle 10 orders per minute during peak load and a user should not wait more than 30 seconds for a request to execute. In order to establish such a standard, you might look to a number of different sources. Talk to the business community first to get a feeling for the acceptable levels of performance for the system. Bringing historical data to these meetings can help facilitate the discussions and can often be used to manage expectations. If a version already exists in production, data can be gathered from current site activity and short-term projections of increased traffic, or by querying an existing database for activity trends.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >With a list of questions and a quality standard for each question, you now need to determine which metrics to use. Based on the last example, orders per minute and the number of orders in a given test would be good high-level metrics serving as indicators of how the site measures up against the quality bar. These are the kind of metrics you'd report to management when you want to update them on the progress of your testing.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The lower-level metrics measure performance and help you resolve or minimize system bottlenecks and stability issues. Increasing performance may have a direct impact on your high-level metrics. For example, decreasing the transaction time of a specific activity may result in an increased number of orders per minute.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Most load testing tools allow you to set timers on individual pages or groups of pages and provide average times for running a test case. Both kinds of metrics allow you to account for the progress of your high-level metrics from one test run to the next, but neither metric assists you in providing any insight into what exactly needs improvement.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >This is where Windows® performance counters are useful. For example, you could monitor Process:Private Bytes of the dllhost process to detect a memory leak in your server package. A good, detailed description of individual Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) counters is available at <a id="ctl00_MTContentSelector1_mainContentContainer_ctl05" href="http://isapi/gomscom.asp?TARGET=/windows2000/techinfo/administration/web/tuning.asp" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">The Art and Science of Web Server Tuning with Internet Information Services 5.0</a>, and <strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 3</strong> has a description of the main counters used in load testing and the trends to watch for.</span></div><span ><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; "><br /></span></span></div><span style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleRegion" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div class="CollapseRegionLink" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><img class="LibC_o" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/Global/Images/clear.gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/global/Images/LibC.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: 0px 0px; " /> Figure 3 Key Performance Counters</div><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleSection" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; clear: both; "><table class="charttable" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); width: 610px; "><thead style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><th id="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Performance Counter</th><th id="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Description/Trends</th></tr></thead><tbody style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Active Server Pages: Requests Per Second</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">If the counter is low during spikes in traffic, the application is causing a performance bottleneck.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Active Server Pages: Requests Executing</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">If pages execute quickly and don't wait for I/O, this number is likely to be low. If pages must wait for I/O, the value is likely to be higher.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Active Server Pages: Requests Queued</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Should remain close to zero, but will fluctuate under varying loads. As the server reaches capacity, this number should start increasing to avoid resource contention.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">System: Processor Queue Length</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Displays the number of threads waiting to be executed in the queue shared by all processors in the system. If the value is consistently much higher than the number of processors, you have a processor bottleneck.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">System: Context Switches Per Second</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Combined rate at which threads on the computer are switched from one to another. Increasing threads may increase the number of context switches to the point where performance degrades instead of improves. Ten or more per request is high.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Process: Private Bytes</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Current number of bytes this process has allocated that cannot be shared with other processes. Log this counter over several hours to pinpoint memory leaks in your components.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Processor: % Processor Time</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Percentage of time that the processor is executing a non-idle thread. Processor bottlenecks may exist when this number is high while the network adapter card and disk I/O remain below capacity.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th118EA6A00000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Distributed Transaction Coordinator: Active Transactions</td><td headers="th118EA6A00001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Number of currently active transactions.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></span><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >However, performance counters are only useful in identifying the symptoms of a problem, not the cause. If your system breaks at 20 concurrent users, the Active Server Pages:Requests Timed Out counter may indeed confirm that at least one user timed out, but determining the cause of the timeout becomes a bit like looking for a needle in a haystack. This is due to performance counter data providing information primarily at the OS and network level. To successfully pinpoint the source of the problem, you need to access the data at the application level. Building a distributed logging system to retrieve and centrally store error and performance data from within your application is critical to this task. It allows you to know immediately whether your system is working. If it isn't, you have the information necessary to pinpoint the problem areas.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S6" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Interpret Your Metrics</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >With all these metrics at your disposal, you now have access to a lot of data. So how do you make sense of it in an efficient manner? There are three options we'll discuss for interpreting performance counter data: Performance Monitor, Perfcol, and performance data integrated with load testing tools.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The Performance Monitor in Windows 2000 allows you to display the progress of various counters graphically. A useful feature is the ability to capture readings in log files, allowing you to visually examine the entire test run upon its completion. <strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 4</strong> illustrates how site activity on an online ordering application can be interpreted within Performance Monitor.</span></div><p style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; " ><br /></span></span></div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; " ><div style="text-align: justify; "><img align="Middle" alt="" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/cc188783.fig04(en-us,MSDN.10).gif" title="Figure 4" style="font-style: inherit; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></div></span><p></p><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Along the same line as Performance Monitor, the Windows DNA Performance Kit Beta contains a tool called Perfcol. This tool serves a purpose similar to Performance Monitor, except that it stores sampled data in a database rather than writing it to a file.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Some load testing tools such as the Microsoft Application Center Test (ACT) and the e-TEST suite from Empirix include built-in performance counter functionality that can record measurements over the duration of the test run. Counter data is then written to a database for later access. ACT, which is included with Visual Studio® .NET, integrates Performance Monitor counters, allowing all test data to be stored in a single repository.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Whether or not your load testing tool integrates some form of performance counter monitoring, you may find that you still need the support of a tool like Performance Monitor, particularly if your load generating servers do not have the appropriate security access to monitor the application servers, as frequently occurs when the environment includes firewalls.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Regardless of the monitoring tool you choose, the key is to store each test run's metrics for future evaluation. Going back to past data is critical to understanding how the system is reacting to the changes being made.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >For application-level data generated by a logging system, we suggest building a viewer that enables you to obtain immediate access to error and performance information in one location. It's worth the effort, considering the alternative is generating a SQL query at the command line each time you require feedback.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S7" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Choosing the Right Load Testing Tool</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >To implement this testing strategy, you need to be able to choose a suitable load test tool. A complete evaluation of the available load testing tools is beyond the scope of this article, but we do want to help identify some options and considerations when making a decision on which kind of tool is appropriate.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The first option to consider are free tools like the Windows Application Stress Tool (WAST). On the other side of the scale, you can go with a more flexible tool such as ACT or Empirix's e-TEST suite. <strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 5</strong>shows the interface for e-Load, the load-generating portion of the e-TEST suite.</span></div><p style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; " ><br /></span></span></div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; " ><div style="text-align: justify; "><img align="Middle" alt="" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/cc188783.fig05(en-us,MSDN.10).gif" title="Figure 5" style="font-style: inherit; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></div></span><p></p><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >There are obviously some functional differences between the tools. WAST is a good tool to use for smaller sites that aren't too complex. You can easily test a couple of key pages on your site and get a good idea of what the response rate should be. However, it's more of an isolation test tool than one capable of testing a multipage site. Also, there are a few significant features not available in WAST that are necessary for testing complex sites (and implementing some of the recommendations in this article). Achieving complex results with WAST would require you to customize your application in order to load test it, which is obviously undesirable.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >To perform the kind of testing that we're suggesting for complex sites, one of the more robust testing tools such as ACT or the e-TEST suite makes more sense. If you're developing in .NET, then ACT will integrate throughout your development cycle. However, it does require programming skills and knowledge of the ACT object model to produce powerful test scripts. If you decide instead to use a tool like e-TEST, you will need to pay licensing fees.</span></div><div class="ArticleImageSpacer" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; width: 700px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span ><img alt="" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/cc188783.fig06(en-us).gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></span></p><div class="ArticleImageCaptionText" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 37, 42); "><span >Figure 6<strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> ACT Results Interface</strong></span></div></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >A quality tool must not only test the site effectively but also report the results of the test in a useful manner. Both ACT and e-TEST provide detailed reporting environments allowing you to graph your results as required. The ACT results interface is shown in <strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 6</strong>. <strong style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Figure 7</strong>provides a summary of common features and a description of what each type of tool has to offer.</span></div><span ><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; "><br /></span></span></div><span style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleRegion" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div class="CollapseRegionLink" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><img class="LibC_o" src="http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/Global/Images/clear.gif" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: url(http://i3.msdn.microsoft.com/global/Images/LibC.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: 0px 0px; " /> Figure 7 Load Test Tool Feature Comparison</div><div class="MTPS_CollapsibleSection" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; clear: both; "><table class="charttable" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); width: 610px; "><thead style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><th id="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Feature</th><th id="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Empirix e-TEST Suite</th><th id="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Application Center Test</th><th id="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Web Application Stress Tool</th></tr></thead><tbody style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Browser emulation</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Emulates Web traffic. Uses object-level recording that insulates the user from minor changes in code. Generates multithreaded browser requests that look like real traffic.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Provides programmable access to the load-generating scripts. Will automatically handle such browser details as cookies.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Records HTTP requests and then plays back copies of the recording. Doesn't take into account threading issues, client-side script, and other factors that affect how a real browser requests a page. The input response is independent of the output request.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Synchronization points</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Available through a property setting.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Available through manually programming the script's behavior.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Not available.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Test duration</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Allows you to specify time, the number of iterations, or allows you to stop the test manually.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Allows you to specify time, the number of iterations, or allows you to stop the test manually.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Tests are timed, so it does not guarantee that the start state for a user will equal the end state.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Regression testing</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Serves the purpose of both a script creation tool and a regression test tool.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">The same scripts that are used for load testing can be used for functional testing. Programming of the scripts is required to identify errors.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Not available. Specifically designed for load testing.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Distribute load across client machines</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Tests can be coordinated from multiple client machines.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Not available.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Tests can be coordinated from multiple client machines.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Reporting</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Stores session data in a database. Provides page timers and profile (test case) timers. Capable of graphically displaying test results such as the average times for the duration of the test run.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Stores session data such as server statistics and average time to first/last byte for a response. Can graphically display improvements between test runs.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Stores session data in a database. No page or profile timer functionality. Reporting available intabular format only from performance counters.</td></tr><tr valign="top" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><td headers="th077B5B800000" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Executes client-side JavaScript</td><td headers="th077B5B800001" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">Yes, but depending on the script, a client agent that consumes more memory may be required. Try using the thin client first.</td><td headers="th077B5B800002" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">No.</td><td headers="th077B5B800003" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-right-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-left-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-collapse: collapse; ">No.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></span><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >If you do decide that a more robust tool is necessary, don't underestimate the time necessary to get up and running. Some tools will claim that it takes mere hours to write the scripts necessary to begin testing. This may be true if you have some previous experience with it or a similar load testing tool, but be prepared to spend a few days or even weeks in preparation, depending on the complexity of your site. Our first test case took approximately three weeks to get up and running. You may find that you cruised through the sample tutorial, but there are several tricks that can only be learned through experience and many calls to the support line. The cost of hours spent learning the tool may far outweigh the cost of formal training or the presence of an experienced consultant. Also, you can't afford the lost time if you're starting your testing effort late in the development phase, in which case one or both of these resources is strongly recommended.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S8" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Know Your History</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The number of tests you run in a day or even a week may vary. If you're tuning the Web server, you may decide to run a series of hourly tests. If your goal is to test the stability of the application, you would likely run the test overnight. Either way, keeping track of the variables and the progress made from one test to the next is going to be difficult unless you keep a documented history. It's crucial that you can easily pinpoint what has already been tested for, what was found, and what should be tested next.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >At a minimum, you should record the start and end time of the run, the number of virtual users in the test, and a start description that describes the goal of the test and what has been changed. Complete the run with an end description that describes the results of the test.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><br /></span></p><div class="ArticleTypeTitle" id="S9" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(38, 8, 89); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Conclusion</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >To successfully deploy a complex Web application, you must first adopt a "no surprises" approach to testing that goes beyond system testing. Load testing—consisting of scalability, performance, and stability testing—is the only way to uncover major problems inherent in the architecture. In order to achieve this, you'll need a separate environment with comparable production hardware, a robust load test tool, and the cooperation of several people in your organization.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >Appropriate metrics provide the means for determining whether your system measures up to the quality bar. Of these, the most valuable to the scalability lab team is the error and performance data captured by a distributed logging system, since it provides information at the application level.</span></div><div class="ArticleNormalPara" style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >By using the recommendations discussed in this article and making sure to document as you go, you're well on your way to ensuring a smooth deployment date.</span></div><p style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><div style="text-align: justify; "><span><span style="line-height: 16px; " ><br /></span></span></div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; " ><div style="text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">For background information see:</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; "><a id="ctl00_MTContentSelector1_mainContentContainer_ctl09" href="http://library/en-us/vsent7/html/vxconScalability.asp" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Scalability</a></div><span><div style="text-align: justify; "><a id="ctl00_MTContentSelector1_mainContentContainer_ctl09" href="http://library/en-us/vsent7/html/vxconScalability.asp" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Performance</a></div></span><div style="text-align: justify; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; "><a id="ctl00_MTContentSelector1_mainContentContainer_ctl11" href="http://library/en-us/vsent7/html/vxconWhatIsScalability.asp" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">Scalability Overview</a></div><span><div style="text-align: justify; "><a id="ctl00_MTContentSelector1_mainContentContainer_ctl11" href="http://library/en-us/vsent7/html/vxconWhatIsScalability.asp" style="font-style: inherit; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 221); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; ">The Art and Science of Web Server Tuning with Internet Information Services 5.0</a></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">By <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(38, 37, 42); font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: -webkit-auto; ">Jeff Dunmall and Keith Clarke</span></div></span></span><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-28387932297094541092012-03-10T12:25:00.000+05:302012-03-10T12:25:00.166+05:30Load Load and Load ....<div style="text-align: justify;"><span >We all know how critical load testing is to a successful development effort … underestimate the possible success of your site, and you may have sabotaged that very success! If you are looking into simulated virtual user load testing for the thorough, comprehensive analysis it can offer developers, here we have some tips and tricks to make the process easier and faster.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span ><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Recognize that some questions cannot be answered</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >What every client wants to know, is whether their site can handle 10, 20, 50, or 400 users simultaneously (if they even recognize that there is an inbuilt load limit!). Unfortunately, this question resides in the realms of 'If a processor fails within the computing environment and nobody is sitting at the computer at the time, did it ever really fail?'! The question actually contains far too many variables to answer accurately, from user think-time to popular areas of the site and even into user's own computing environments. Approximations can certainly be made - as long as the client and team are aware of the precision limitations in performance testing.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span ><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Redefine your testing strategy according to non-standard questions</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Seeking to answer the question 'Can my system handle 500 concurrent users?' requires several assumptions - and the answer you get will only be as accurate as your assumptions were. If you first seek to define the bottleneck, and then look at how many requests that tightest part of the system can handle concurrently, you will get a much more accurate picture of how the load is being handled. Make sure you check that the results scale linearly as more hardware is added, and check for stability issues as well.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span ><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Ensure you use circular test case scripts</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Putting the system into the same state before and after each testing event. If you do this, you'll be able to repeatedly run your test cases over extended periods, with stable results.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span ><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Ensure you account for super users</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >In your performance engineering equation for calculating approximate load capacity, define a worst-case scenario (or best case, depending on who you are!), by utilising super-users in your testing. A super-user is highly familiar with the site and has a think time of next to zero in the real world. For the purposes of testing and finding limits, set the think time to zero and then scale up from there.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span ><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >Know which metrics to pay attention to</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span >The system:processor queue length is the critical metric that points to a bottleneck. Other metrics that an be used to uncover bottlenecks include the Active server pages:Requests per second ratio (where if the active counter is low during traffic spikes, there is a bottleneck), and the processor: % processor time ration (if the network adapter card and disk I/O are below capacity while this ratio is high).</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-3631315775411391342012-03-09T17:25:00.001+05:302012-03-09T17:30:15.699+05:30Word Definitions: The Anatomy of a Problem Report<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; ">Certain words have different meaning to different people. So here are definitions of some words used during the testing of systems and applications. Differences in meaning can often be emotional because of a misunderstanding about the concreteness and formality of discussions.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>AUT is an acronym for Application Under Test.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>SUT is an acronym for System Under Test.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>CUT is an acronym for Component Under Test.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Test results from running (executing) test cases are evaluated using a verdict. In test management systems, a verdict is a property of a test case within its test suite. Verdict values focus on whether test results give evidence for the correctness of the SUT:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Pass = test results conclusively give evidence for the correctness of the SUT examined by a specific valid test case.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Fail = test results conclusively give evidence that the SUT does not meet the requirements and specifications examined by a specific valid test case.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Inconclusive = test results do not conclusively prove that a Pass or Fail verdict can be given. An example is when a test run stopped earlier than planned.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Test Error = the test case or test system itself cannot properly examine the SUT. An example is when test script encounters a value not anticpated by the test case.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>An incident is an event occuring during testing that requires attention (investigation). [IEEE 1008] Incidents do not necessarily justify the filing of a formal Problem Report. However, information describing incidents are often attachments to a Problem Report.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "When a word is copied from Microsoft Word 2003 document and pasted into a text field, the AUT does not recognize the entry." or "Reports are not being produced." or "Users must wait a minimum of 5 minutes for logins to authenticate."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A problem refers to one or more incidents with unknown underlying cause. This definition is used byITIL</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A Known Error is when the root cause of an incident is known and a temporary work around or permanent alternative has been identified.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A failure is the misbehavior of some program or process which results in the AUT ending in a failure mode due to a set of conditions.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "The AUT does not recongize whitespace (a space character) at the beginning and end of text as extraneous and returns a soft error about text which visually appears correct to users."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The failure mode of an incident is the physical or functional manifestation of a failure.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: A system in failure mode may be characterized by slow operation, incorrect outputs, or complete termination of execution. [IEEE 610]</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>A soft error does not cause the AUT to terminate. The typical outcomes is that processing continues after an error message is issued. Optionally, a prompt may be issued so that the tester can decide whether to continue processing.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>A hard error causes the AUT to terminate. Also known as an abend (abnormal ending) or a “Show Stopper” for the testing effort. Such defects cannot typically be reported by the program which contains them.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The failure condition is what triggers a failure to occur. An example in functional testing is the input of a particular value or some specific user action such as clicking on an errant button. An example in load testing is the incremental number of simultaneous users or data items which causes the system under test to fail.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>A bug is a slang term for the cause of faults. This term began early in the history of computers when a moth was found inside a computer and identified as the cause for a fault in the circuit boards.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>An issue is a point of disagreement requiring clarification and discussion. Issues are often about differences in mindset and philosophy that may be codified in a corporate Test Policy issued by managements.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "It's too much to ask users to remove invisibles space character automatically inserted when copying a block of text within Microsoft Word 2003." or </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>"It is unacceptable for users waiting over 5 minutes to login.".</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A contention is an assertion, such as a conjecture about the possible cause of a problem or a remedy to that problem. The word "should" usually appears in contentions.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "Text fields such as UserID should be stripped of whitespace (spaces, tabs, etc.) before being matched against the database." or </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>"The authentication module should not be single threaded."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> I don't use this word to avoid confusion with the conflict between systems in load testing.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A concern is a non-specific desire for an improvement in or the avoidance of threats to the AUT or work process related to it.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "I am concerned that login is too slow for our users".</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A defect is a specific deviation from expectations that usually requires corrective action to the implementation (programming code) or design (requirements) of the AUT. A formal Problem Report or ticket is usually raised for each defect uncovered. A defect may be manifested in several occurences(incidents). A statement defect should ideally be descriptive of the functionality not provided (or should not be sprovided) rather than prescriptive.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "There is no mechanism for controlling the verbosity of logging at run-time."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A fault is less specific than a defect in the AUT. Like a geologic fault line which may or may not be the location of an earthquake, a computer system fault may indicate a potential for error rather than the existence of a defect in the product.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Examples: "The authentication module writes 250 lines into its std log detailing each of the 10 calls made to the authentication server per transaction. This slows processing time and can cause disk space overflow under load."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Verification vs. Validation</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Testing is a process of reducing risk by comparing "what is" against "what should be".</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Software verification is often confused with software validation. The difference between 'verification and validation:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Difference<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Verification</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Validation</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Asks:<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>"Are we building the product right?" </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Does the software conform to itsspecification?<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>"Are we building the right product?" </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Is the software doing what the user really need/want?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Focus:<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>verifies that the final product satisfies or matches the<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>validates that the product designsatisfies the</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Basis:<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>original design (from low-level engineering).<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>intended usage (from high-level marketing).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Conclusion fromCapability Maturity Model (CMMI-SW v1.1)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>the work products properly reflect therequirements specified for them.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>the product, as provided, will fulfill its intended use.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>The aim of testing:<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Find errors introduced by an activity, i.e. check if the product of the activity is as correct as it was at the beginning of the activity.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Declare whether the product of an activity is indeed what is expected, i.e. the activity extended the product successfully.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>In the electronics industry:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Near the end of the Prototyping stage, after engineers create actual working samples of the product they plan to produce, Engineering Verification Testing (EVT) uses prototypes to verify that the design meets pre-determined specifications and design goals. This is done to validate the design as is, or identify areas that need to be modified.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>After prototyping, and after the product goes though the Design Refinement cycle when engineers revise and improve the design to meet performance and design requirements and specifications, objective, comprehensive Design Verification Testing (DVT) is performed to verify all product specifications, interface standards, OEM requirements, and diagnostic commands.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Process (or Pilot) Verification Test (PVT) is a subset of Design Verification Tests (DVT) performed on pre-production or production units to Verify that the design has been correctly implemented into production.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Application Version, Release, Build, Handoff</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>The Application-under-test (AUT) is the software application that is currently being tested. But which part (components or features) of the AUT is being tested?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Which release and build and handoff?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A Build is a single set of revisions to the AUT, created to correct defects in, or adds new functionality to, a previous revision.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Developers may create several formal or informal builds before issuing ahandoff of the AUT for testing.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Testing may be conducted on several handoffs before making a conclusion about a formal release of the AUT for duplication and mass distribution.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>What user work process does the AUT seem fit to do? To whom should it be delivered to (the next test group, Business Users, etc.)?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Specify the detailed specific version of each component under discussion. Also specify the version of the requirements document which server as the basis for determining whether the application is behaving as expected.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Tester Authority</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>What is the responsibility and authority assumed by testers? This may be indicated by the word the tester uses to describe (record) his/her conclusionabout the AUT:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Approved (after approval) - the AUT satisfies the standards of the person or oganization granting the approval.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Authorized (after authorization) - the AUT has been cleared for use by a person with authority.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Verified (after verification testing) - the AUT satisfies some quality standard.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Certified (after certification testing) - the AUT has been passed a defined series of tests. Several experts in the testing field have advised testers to avoid using this formal term because the term can be misinterpreted to mean that the AUT is “fault-free” or that the organization performing the certification accepts some liability.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Accepted (after acceptance testing) - the AUT satisfies some set ofrequirements, as in “Crest has been Accepted by the Dental Association”.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Run Conditions</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> Define the conditions of the test run. Examples of this are:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Platform characteristics (CPU type, RAM memory, etc.).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Type of test run (maximum values, load test, time-out, etc.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Focus of test run (negative test, etc.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Date and time settings (all machines)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The people involved (Developer, Tester, etc.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>This gives debuggers the information they need to narrow down the cause of the problem. Some problems take months to solve, bouncing from one person or team to another. So the more information the better.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Steps to Reproduce</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> Write step-by-step instructions to reproduce the bug. Number each step. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Example:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>As user ___ from an NT4 Pro client, sign in the ___ server with a blank database.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Click menu item ...</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Select From any account.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Enter ...</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Select Hungary.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Click Next. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Notice that ...</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Start each step with an active verb such as .click OK., .select checking account., .type value 99 in the Transaction Amount field., etc. The last step should reveal the concern stated in the Summary sentence (.Temp delay EOT.). Note whether .Temp delay. screens results in an End of Transaction or End of Session (EOS) which causes another logon.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>To avoid needless repetition, produce a Test Specification document that defines the meaning of special words.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>If a special program not used by typical users is needed to view results (such as a log viewer), note its use.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Analysis of Symptoms</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> Expore the extent of a bug's impact. State the result from various conditions under which the bug was found/verified. Examples:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This occurred for all currencies.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This did not occur for other countries (Spain, etc.).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This occurred for account type A and B but not C.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This occurred only for users with guest rights, not users with admin rights.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This occurred only when values have not been specified. (Populated fields are OK)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This occurred only for values loaded with thebatch back-end process. (Values entered interactively using the GUI are OK).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This occurred for all functions using the underlying subroutine xyz.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Other examples:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different routes through the application to the same point of failure (pulling down a menu vs. pressing a shortcut key),</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>similar functions in the same application,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different browsers,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different software,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different hardware configurations,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different locales,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different security contexts,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>previous versions,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different run dates (accounting cycle, etc.),</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Severity and Priority Levels</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> Indicate the impact each defect has on testing efforts or users and administrators of the application under test. This information is used by devlopers and management as thebasis for assigning priority of work on defects.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>A sample guideline for assignment of Priority Levels during the product test phase include:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Critical / Show Stopper - an item that prevents further testing of the product or function under test. No workaround is possible. Examples of this include an installation process which does not load a component; a GPF (General Protection Fault) or other situation which freezes the system (requiring a reboot); or a missing menu option or security permission required to access a function under test.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Within a production test context, this category could also include incorrect financial calculations and even cosmetic items.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Major / High — a defect that does not function as expected/designed or cause other functionality to fail to meet requirements. The workaround may be to reboot the system or run a fix-up program/hassle. Examples of this include inaccurate calculations; the wrong field being updated; the wrong rule, phrase, or data being retrieved; an update operation that fails to complete; slow system turn-around performance; or a transaction journal record which fails to occur as expected.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Average / Medium — Annoyances which do not conform to standards and conventions. Easy workarounds exists to achieve functionality objectives. Examples include incorrect/missing hot-key operation; an error condition which is not trapped; or matching visual and text links which lead to different end points.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Minor / Low — Cosmetic defects which does not affect the functionality of the system. Examples of this include misspelled or ungrammatical text; inappropriate or incorrect formatting (such as text font, size, alignment, color, etc.); or inconsistencies between product and documented text or formatting.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Enhancement — Additional features that would improve the product for users, administrators, or other stakeholders.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Emergency is a term defined in ITIL.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Managementmakes the decision whether an application should be shipped in light of the number and types of defects open.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Owner Assign To</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Understand the organizational structure of those who will work on resolving your bugs. Consider putting the name of the person who is first most likely to work on each particular bug.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Most organizations who value fast turnaround of bug fixes prefer this approach.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>However, some (usually complex) organizations prefer all bugs for a project to flow through a coordinator or manager who then assigns the individuals to work on each particular bug.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>For example, if the development team is divided by people who write reports and people who write GUI code, analyze bugs so that you can specify who should review each specific bug report.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>"GUI dialog xxx does not ... "</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>"REPORT yyy does not ... "</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>"REQUIREMENT yyy.xx does not define ... "</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>This avoids the common situation of a bug report from being closed by one person for a single sub-item when additional sub-items going unsolved.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Summary / Headline</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> Follow these general rules when crafting statements:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Be specific. Don't use vague phrases such as "problems with", "is incorrect", or "issue with". State the expected behavior which did not occur - such as "after pop-up ___, ____ did not appear." and the behavior which occurred instead.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Use present or past tense. Say "appears" instead of "will appear", which may be confusing to readers.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Don't use unnecessary words such as "apparently". State observed facts.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Don't add multiple exclamation points!!!! (We do want to help.) End sentences with a period.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>DON'T USE ALL CAPS (That's the same as shouting.) Format words in upper and lower case (mixed case).Other examples are:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different routes throught the application to the same point of failure,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different browsers,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different software and hardware configurations,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different locales,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>different security contexts,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>previous versions, etc.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Status of Incident Resolution</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>similar functions in the same application,</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>A defect item attains these states of status:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A new defect item is created with aEntered,Started, orSubmittedstatus. NOTE: Avoid using the word "New" for this state because newness can be calculated by the date created.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A test supervisor may confirm the need for the bug item and place it inAssignedorOpenstatus.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Alternately, an item may be be called inEvaluationstatus while the item isassignedfor analysis by a developer or whoever "owns" the bug. Some organizations also add an intermediate "Prioritized" status.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A tester may place a defect item intoWithdrawnstatus items whichduplicateanother defect item already reported or is the result of tester misunderstanding about how the application should operate.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Management may allow the application to be shipped “as-is” with the defect by marking certain defect items as:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>a. Refused/Rejected(developers feel reported item is not recognized as a defect); Some automatically reassign this to the submitter's boss.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>b. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Waivered(defect is accepted, but no action will be taken); or</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>c. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Forwarded/Postponed/Deferredto a future release</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>This usually happens because of time or cost constraints.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Analysts place a defect item intoDevelopmentstatus when analysis is complete and changes are being made to the application by developers.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Developers change the status of a defect item toTestingafter unit testing. This signals to testers that application changes can be tested again. Such items are ideally noted on a Hand-off memo ("manifest") from developers to testers.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>If changes by developers did not fix the problem reported, that defect item can beReturned or Reopenedto development. Another defect item is created if a fix introduces another problem.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>After a tester verifies that a defect has indeed been fixed, the defect item isFixed. NOTE: Avoid the wordClosedbecause it can be confused with other stuatus such as Refused/Forwarded, etc. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><br /></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-54352797908733310972012-03-01T00:22:00.000+05:302012-03-01T00:22:00.478+05:30Tips on performance testing and optimization<p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span >The purpose of this document is to explain how to go about performing scalability testing, performance testing, and optimization, in a typical Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) environment.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Definitions:</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Response Time </strong>the time it takes between initial request and complete download of response (rendering of entire web page).</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Load </strong>a measurement of the usage of the system. A server is said to experience high load when its supported application is being heavily trafficked.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Scalability </strong>- A scalable application will has a response time that increases linearly as load increases. Such an application, will be able to process more and more volume by adding more hardware resources in a linear (not exponential) fashion.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Automation testing tools </strong>Tools (Silk from Segue Software, WebLoad, etc) used to simulate a user by requesting pages or going through pre-programmed workflow on your site.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Load testing tools </strong>Most automation testing tools can also be used as load testing software, like WebLoad. These tools will simulate any number of users using your site and provide you with important data like average response times.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><strong style="font-weight: bold; ">Profiler</strong>. A profiler is a program that examines your application as it runs. It provides you with useful run time information such as time spent in particular code blocks, memory / heap</span></p><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-51542600359106709102012-02-28T17:20:00.001+05:302012-02-28T17:20:00.603+05:303 Key Load Testing Tips<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS81pp31ijc-qOd6GM_xoZG-v5BdbR8jRT0TIv0mEcuQYz25MoP-pCH_NHbn0x5DWy0F9NgXGKUaBo5vJp1j41_HXlHsXl4LuorGc0ptFODdycvJ0foYfGuMIQm3QEJaBSFQ-ubfHSBQQ/s1600/FAILED.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 345px; height: 265px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS81pp31ijc-qOd6GM_xoZG-v5BdbR8jRT0TIv0mEcuQYz25MoP-pCH_NHbn0x5DWy0F9NgXGKUaBo5vJp1j41_HXlHsXl4LuorGc0ptFODdycvJ0foYfGuMIQm3QEJaBSFQ-ubfHSBQQ/s400/FAILED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5713782682433145218" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>1. Test against your production environment.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>I told this to an "expert" at the Association of Software Testing conference this year. He response was something like, "Are you kidding me?!! You'd have to be stupid to load test your production setup."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>What occurred to me later in the conversation was that this guy works for a Fortune 100 company and has a six-figure annual budget (not counting his salary) just for performance engineering.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>So what?! I still say you should test against production. And so would some others in our industry that have much more experience than I. For example, Dan Bartow taught a couple of sessions in April at STPCon in San Mateo. He mentioned several times that hammering the real production servers is the only way.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>This is controversial, but I believe it. It is rarely possible to replicate your production setup - there are too many components, configurations, and network settings that can affect the results of your test. One small variable can potentially affect performance measurements by 100% or more.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Skeptical? Just try turning on/off caching. Or try running tests against the same environment except that the version of Apache or IIS is different. You will be surprised at the performance deltas. Isn't it easy to overlook the size of MySQL buffers or perhaps PHP options or other configuration selections? All of those variables in the application engineering equation can and will affect your outcomes.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>So, if you load test against anything other than your production, you are always going to have doubt about the true performance of your system. There is only one way to know for sure.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>2. Accurately simulate user types.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>It is easy to hit your site with random heavy traffic, but that may not give you precise load test results.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Application performance can vary significantly depending on the actions of the users. For example, most CMS apps get great optimization from caching pages for anonymous users and practically none from authenticated users. Therefore, you must set up your test plans to include scenarios from both types of users.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Let's say your site normally gets 70% of its traffic from prospects just browsing your product catalog, and another 25% of customers are putting items in their shopping cart, while 5% are posting reviews. Your load testing should include three scenarios to reflect each type of user.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Additionally, you should adjust the weighting of each scenario to match the 70/25/5 percent split between the user types. That way, you will be applying load in the correct ways and massaging the code/servers/database in realistic proportions. How else can you get a true picture of performance for analysis and tuning?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>3. Focus on the right metrics.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>It is possible to get bogged down in all the data available to you. The exact metrics on which you concentrate may vary depending on the aspect of your web application that is being testing.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>However, we recommend you always direct your attention to:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><span>Response times</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span>Error rates</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span>Throughput</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span>Active users</span></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><span>Requests per second</span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>You may also need to measure business metrics for your managers. For example, your VP of Marketing may want to know the number of orders processed per minute. It's a bad idea to leave out the project stakeholders when deciding which metrics you need to track. We recommend that you ask them to make a list of questions for which they need answers and set the benchmark for each metric necessary to provide a useful measurement to satisfy the questions. Be sure to avoid vague questions you won't be able to test.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Ask the stakeholders if they can provide historical data or expectations regarding the metrics - this can be a big help in establishing the acceptable levels of performance from everyone's perspective. If you have historical load testing data, all the better. Share it with them.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Open communication with your business leaders goes a long way to knowing the correct metrics to track. Focusing on the right metrics is critical because you can't control what you don't measure.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>Bookmark/Search this post with:</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4734589662872646642.post-90531428794994172632012-02-27T17:17:00.001+05:302012-02-27T17:18:56.871+05:30Top 10 Favorite Performance Counters in Web Site Load Testing Using VSTS 2008<p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Microsoft Visual Studio Team System/Test Edition provides an excellent tool to perform web site load testing. Using this load testing tool, you can monitor and measure the site performance along with system status with respect to a given load/stress.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Fortunately VSTS provides a support for wide range of performance counters, from web page request per second to condition of physical disk, memories. Unfortunately, they are too huge that, initially testers/designers get overwhelmed with all of those, to find out a clear idea about the performance of the site they built.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>The number of counter parameters to be considered by the load tester/designers is greatly varies based on the type and size of the web application to be tested. Here is my favorite top 10 performance counters that I use on my each load tests, regardless of project size. These counters are based two primary categories: Web Site end and Hardware end.</span></p><h3 style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Web Site Related Performance Counters</span></h3><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Web site related performance counters are the counters that provide valuable information about the health of web site that is under test. These parameters are categorized as <a target="_blank" href="http://geekswithblogs.net/joycsharp/archive/2009/02/18/understanding-vsts-load-test-counters-requests-pages-and-tests.aspx" style="color: rgb(172, 44, 43); text-decoration: none; ">Requests, Pages, Tests</a> and Errors.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>1. Request - Avg Req/Sec</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: High</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>This is the average number of requests per second, which includes failed and passed requests, but not cached requests, because they are not issued on web server. Please note that, all http requests, such as image, java-script, aspx, html files generates separate/individual/single request .</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>2. Request - Avg Req Passed/Sec</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: High</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>While “Request - Avg Req/Sec” provides an average with respect to all passed and failed request, “Request - Avg Req Passed/Sec” provided the average of passed requests. This info also helps to determine the average number of failed requests/sec.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>3. Page - Avg Page Time (Sec)</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: Low</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>While a single request refers to request to a single http elements (such as css, java-script files, images, aspx, html etc), a page is the container of all of the corresponding requests generated when a web page is requested (for instance via the browser address bar). “Page - Avg Page Time (Sec)” counter refers to the average of total time taken to load a page with all of its http elements.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>4. Test - Total Test</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: High</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>For instance, we have created a web test, that contains two web pages, pushing on a button on the first page will re-direct the user to the second page, although there will be multiple entries will be involved for Requests and Pages counters, but the whole process will be considered as a single Test.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>This counter considers the total number of tests (which includes passed and failed tests) during the test period.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>5. Scenario - User Load</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: High</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>This counter considers the maximum user load that has been provided during the test run. Please note that, for Step Load pattern, where more user volume is added on step by step basis, the maximum user load will be counted through this counter parameter.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>6. Errors - Errors/Sec</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: Low</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Includes average number of errors occurred per second, which includes all types of errors.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/blogs/ashraful/snap2_039D3FB1.png" style="color: rgb(172, 44, 43); text-decoration: none; "><span><img title="snap2" height="265" alt="snap2" width="644" border="0" src="http://weblogs.asp.net/blogs/ashraful/snap2_thumb_268322C3.png" style="border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; " /></span></a></p><h3 style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Hardware Related Performance Counters</span></h3><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>7. Processor - % Processor Time</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: Low</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>This is the number of processor time being utilized in percentage.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>8. Memory - Available MBytes</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: High</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>This the amount of Memory available in Mega byte.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>9. Physical Disk - Current Disk Queue Length</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: Low</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>It shows how many read or write requests are waiting to execute to the disk. For a single disk, it should idle at 2-3 or lower.</span></p><h4 style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>10. Network Interface - Output Queue Length</span></h4><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>Desired value range: Low</span></p><p style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-align: -webkit-auto; "><span>This is the number of packets in queue waiting to be sent. A bottleneck needs to be resolved if there is a sustained average of more than two packets in a queue.</span></p><div class="blogger-post-footer"><p><a href="http://hub.netomat.net/account/account.autoSubscribe.jspa?urls=http://feeds2.feedburner.com/JaanuJeeva" title="Add to netomat Hub"><img src="http://www.netomat.net/blogger/images/icon_netomat_feedbutton.gif" alt="Add to netomat Hub" border="0"/></a></p></div>Jaanuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01487601894999001146noreply@blogger.com0